3. Properties of Metals 1.They are shiny (lustrous). 2.They are malleable, which means that they can be hammered into different shapes. 3.They are ductile, which means that they can be drawn out into wire. 4. They are generally hard and strong and have high densities. 5.They conduct heat and electricity.

4. Exceptions are: The alkali metals which are soft, have low melting points and low densities. Mercury which is a liquid at room temperature, this is unusual for a metal.

5. Group One - The alkali metals

6. All the elements in Group 1 are known as the alkali metals. The first three elements in this group are Lithium (Li), Sodium (Na) and Potassium (K) All the elements in Group 1 share similar properties

7. Properties of the alkali metals They have one electron in their outer shell. This means that they are all very reactive (and as a result are stored in oil). They are soft and easy to cut. They are shiny when cut but quickly lose their shine when exposed to air. Reactivity increases as you go down, so lithium is the least reactive and potassium is the most reactive.

9. Alloys An alloy is a mixture of two or more metals Solder, steel, brass and bronze are examples of alloys

10. Alloy An alloy is a mixture of metals. AlloyUseComposition BrassOrnamentsCopper + Zinc BronzeStatuesCopper + Tin SteelSinksIron+ Chromium + Nickel SolderSolderingLead + Tin

11. Uses of alloys AlloyApplication SolderSoldering (joining) two metals together SteelSupport structure in buildings BrassMusical instruments BronzeStatues

12. Corrosion occurs when a metal changes to its oxide or some other compound by combining with oxygen from air. Corrosion

13. Rusting Rusting is a chemical process that changes iron into a new substance

14. Rusting Rusting occurs when iron is exposed to air and water. Iron turns into hydrated Iron Oxide, a brown flaky substance.

15. Method: 1.Set up 3 test tubes as shown in the diagram. 2.A is exposed to water and air 3.B is exposed to air only 4.C is exposed to water only 2.Leave the test tubes for a week and observe what happens in each test tube. Exp 12: To investigate the conditions necessary for rusting to occur.

19. The Activity Series of Metals Metals react at different rates and are listed in the activity series with the most reactive first. 1.Calcium 2.Magnesium 3.Zinc 4.Copper ` Memory Aid:Can My Zebra Cook.

22. Method: 1. Set up the apparatus as shown. 2. Observe what happens. Result: Some of the metals react with the water and release hydrogen gas. Conclusion: Some metals react more vigorously than others. Exp 20.2: To investigate the reactivity of a number of metals with water.

23. Method: 1. Set up the apparatus as shown. 2. Observe what happens. Result: More bubbles are produced by some of the metals and more than in the experiment with water. Conclusion: Metals react more strongly with dilute acid than with water. Exp 20.3: To investigate the reactivity of a number of metals with dilute acid.

24. zinc + hydrochloric acid → zinc chloride + hydrogen

27. Some metals are so reactive (alkali metals for example) that are never found free in nature. Other metals are so unreactive (gold) that they are found free in nature.