1. Multi-Stage Sampling

2. Multi Stage Sampling  After selecting a sample of primary units,a sample of secondary units is selected from each selected primary units - Two-stage sampling  In tern a sample of tertiary units is selected from each selected secondary unit - Three-stage sampling  Higher order multistage design is also possible.

3. Application  In W.B Internal audit, multi-stage sampling has been used from planning to execution stages of audit. DG (Training),NAAA will address this.  In DT-audit and in CERA we have used multi-stage sampling. PD(DT) will discuss on its application.  In All India performance reviews : PMGSY,SSA, Consumer Awareness, Educational Development of SC/ST, Industrial Dispute Act etc. we have use multi– stage sampling :We may take up one or two.

4. Will you be able to convince others about the applicability of Statistical sampling in audit ? Pl remember the following points.  The sample results are objective and defensible as it is free from any personal bias.  The method provides a means of advance estimate of sample size in an objective basis.  The method provides an estimate of the sampling error.  It is the most accurate method of drawing conclusion about a large and complex population.  It is cost effective.  Statistical samples may be combined and evaluated, even though accomplished by different auditors.  Auditors will be able to give a “True and Fair “ view.  Effectiveness of audit reports will increase.

5. See you tomorrow