1. Computing Fundamentals
Unit 1- Recognizing Computers

2. Objectives Understand the importance of computers
Identify significant times in computer history
Understand how computers developed into what they are today
Describe how data is represented
Define computers & computer systems
Classify different types of computers

3. What is a Computer?
A computer is a person, instrument, or machine that gathers, processes, and stores information.
In this lesson, you will begin to broaden your vision of the word computer to include many things that process and store information, including people. In fact, the word computer, in older dictionaries, is defined as a person who makes calculations.

4. Where Are Computers Used?
Students should name and write on the slide where they see computers used. What makes them convenient to be used everywhere?

5. Computer History In groups, make a computer history timeline of events
Use an online timeline maker, poster paper, Word, etc.
Mark at least 10 significant events
Use your own words to describe
Present these. Note particular: ENIAC

6. The Father of Computing
Charles Babbage
Designed a steam- powered calculator called the Difference Engine in 1821.
His next idea was the Analytical Engine (1856), designed to perform any kind of mathematical calculation.
Charles Babbage is often referred to as the “father of computing.”
The purpose of the Difference Engine was to compile mathematical tables. Babbage received British government funding for his project, but when his attempts to build the machine failed, the project was cancelled in The photo on this slide shows a reproduction of the Difference Engine.
The Analytical Engine used punched cards inspired by those used in Jacquard’s loom.
Babbage died before the Analytical Engine could be completed, although part of it was built by Babbage’s son in The entire machine would have used 25,000 parts and weighed three tons.

7. 40’s & 50’s Massive ENIAC Designed for military & government
ENIAC, which was the size of a building or a city block and cost millions, was much less powerful than an iPhone of today.

8. World War II In 1943, the British built the first “Colossus” computer.
Used to decipher encrypted teleprinter messages sent by the Germans during World War II.
While optically reading a paper tape, the machine applied programmable logic to every character in an encrypted message and then counted how many times the logic function was determined to be “true.”
The photo on this slide shows the Colossus Mark II. Notice the slanted control panel on the left and the paper tape on the right.
Information about Colossus was not available to the general public until the late 1970s, after the Official Secrets Act ended in 1976.

9. Altair
The first computer that most individuals could afford was the Altair 8800, built in by MITS.
No keyboard or screen
Information was entered by clicking switches
Computers kept getting smaller and more powerful but they were not very “user-friendly.”
Until the mid-1970s, computers were mostly used by the government, scientists, and large companies.
The Altair’s computing results were displayed as patterns of small red lights.

10. First User-Friendly Computer
Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak created the first user-friendly personal computer, called the Apple, with a built-in keyboard, display screen, and storage unit.
The term personal computer refers to a computer designed to be used by one person at a time.
The Apple I was introduced in The Apple II was first produced in 1977 and is pictured on the far left. Since then, Apple Computer, Inc., has created many more computer models including Macintosh computers and iMac computers. The first Macintosh is shown in the center, and one of the newest versions of the iMac is shown on the right.

11. IBM PC Bill Gates worked with IBM IBM computer in 1981 released
Developed DOS
IBM computer in 1981 released
Pictured- $3500
Disk Drive storage- enough space for 42 text files, 56 VERY LOW res photos, and not even a half an mp3 song!
Display- monochrome green; could hook up to TV for color
Weight- about 60lbs!

12. Attack of the Clones
IBM made the general design available to competing companies, resulting in many clones or “compatibles.”
Today, the term PC often refers to computers running Microsoft’s Windows operating system.
Microsoft, founded by Bill Gates and Paul Allen in 1975, created the software that operated the IBM PC.
IBM did this is 1981.
The photo shows an early IBM PC.
Though people still refer to “IBM compatibles,” IBM does not even make computers now!

13. Review Who created the first user-friendly computer?
Steve Jobs & Steve Wozniak
What term describes a computer design made available to other manufacturers?
Compatible or clone

14. What is a Computer Today?
Same as before…
Receives data, processes data, outputs information, stores data
Hardware
Software
Data
Output of information

15. Computer System
Receives data (INPUT), processes data (INTERNALLY), outputs information (ON MONITOR/RECEIPT), stores data (HD)

16. Binary The use of the binary number system with two values: 0 and 1.
1= ON (electricity)
0= OFF (no electricity)
What Counting to Ten Looks Like
Decimal: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10
Binary: 0, 1, 10, 11, 100, 101, 110, 111, 1000, 1001, 1010
In today’s computers, data is represented by the state of electrical switches: an “on” switch represents a “1” and an “off” switch represents a “0.”

17. Review What does PC stand for? In binary, what does a 1 mean?
Personal computer
In binary, what does a 1 mean?
Voltage/electricity/On
Who is known as the father of computing?
Charles Babbage
What are the four things any computer does?
Receives data, processes data, outputs info, stores data
Who created the first user-friendly computer?
Apple (Steve Jobs & Wozniak)

18. Types of Computers Project
In groups of 2, make a poster…
Title of device
Big picture of device
It’s use & where it’s used
Cost ($, $$, $$$, $$$$)
Special Features
Desktop
Laptop/Notebook
Netbook
Tablets
Workstation
Servers
Handheld/Smartphone
Mainframe & Terminal
Super Computer
Embedded Computer
Music/Media Player
Game System
E-Book Reader
Directions
Types of Computers

19. Desktop Personal computer- PC or MAC Individual user
Come in case/monitor or all-in-one

20. Laptop
AKA Notebook
PC or Mac
Portability
Touchpad

21. Netbook (OLDER) NOT laptop replacement Made for travel Basic
Check
Web
Office
No Multitasking

22. Netbook (OLDER) Lightweight & smaller Less powerful than laptop
Small Screen
Longer battery
No CD/DVD
Low in RAM (1GB)
Windows XP/7 Basic

23. Tablets PC in smaller size Many functions of PC
Has memory, storage, CPU
Apps, Internet,
Android, iOS, Windows
Uses a stylus

24. Workstation
Multiple CPUs, lots of RAM, multiple, high- capacity drives
Video Editing, CAD, Animation, Scientific, CSI, X-Ray

25. Server
Performs functions for computers on a network (provides a service)
Hold Files
Handle
Web Site

26. Handheld/Smartphone PDA / Smartphone Personal Digital Assistant
AKA Pocket PC
Windows, iOS, Android, Palm OS
Touch Screen
Can do , web,
Office, etc.

27. Mainframe Connected to thin clients/PC’s Bulk data processing
Banks, statistics
Hundreds of thousands $
Large institutions & govt.
Airlines

28. Supercomputers Large & fast Perform BIG calc’s Volumes of data
Millions of $$$
Government
Military
Research Labs
NASA

29. Other Types of Computers?
Name some…
Embedded computers: mp3, car, appliances, cameras
Calculators, gaming systems, e-readers, GPS, ATM, POS, robotic manufacturing

30. Review 1
Managing an airline reservation & ticketing system would be best performed by which class of computer?
Mainframe
Which device would animators use to make CG effects for a movie?
Workstation
What is the fastest type of computer?
Supercomputer
Appliances have what kind of computer?
Embedded

31. Review 2 What’s the biggest advantage of using a notebook?
Portability
T/F. A server is dedicated to sharing resources & data.
True
Which type of computer provides services to other PCs?
Servers
What device would have Palm OS on it?
PDA/Handheld

32. Computing Fundamentals
Unit 1- Recognizing Computers