1. What is Ocean Acidification? OA is the consequence of rising anthropogenic emissions of CO 2 since 1750, and the uptake of 30-40% of that carbon by the ocean This process is driven by CO 2  Process of ocean water becoming less basic (but not acidic)  CO 2 affects both climate change and acidification, but via different mechanisms  CO 2 in the atmosphere: it warms it  CO 2 in the ocean: it acidifies it

2. 2 ≈ 48% of anthropogenic CO 2 taken up by the ocean CO 2 Sabine et al. Science (2004)

3. CO 2 + H 2 O H + Hydrogen ion HCO 3 - Bicarbonate ion H 2 CO 3 Carbonic acid CO 3 2- Carbonate ion H + Hydrogen ion + (photosynthesis & respiration) Ca 2+ pH CO 2 + = CaCO 3 = X X pH

4. 4 NOAA CMDL CCGG CO 2 data at Mauna Loa, HI

5. 5

7. Levels of scaled interaction 5Invention: Students will design an investigation into ocean acidification using real data on conditions in the Caribbean study area. 4Interactivity: Students will use online data to support or disprove a simple hypothesis about increased atmospheric CO2 and the health of marine calcifieres, such as coral reefs. 3Adaptation: Students will use online tools to recreate climate change model scenarios and examine effects of increased CO2 on ocean acidity and carbonate saturation levels. 2Adoption: Students will use data graphs of ocean pH, sea-surface temperature, and CO 2 data to find the driving factor behind ocean acidification. 1Entry: Students will examine data maps and graphs to look for patterns and relationships that would explain variations in ocean pH.

8. 1. Measuring Ocean pH 2. The Ocean-Carbon Connection 3. Carbonate Buffering System 4. Aragonite Saturation & Marine Calcifiers 5. Design Your Own Investigation

9.  Adaptation: Students use online tools to recreate climate change model scenarios and examine effects of increased CO2 on ocean acidity and carbonate saturation levels.

10.  Interactivity: Students use online data to support or disprove a simple hypothesis about increased atmospheric CO2 and the health of marine calcifieres, such as coral reefs.

11.  How does dissolved CO 2 relate to levels of atmospheric CO 2 ?  Describe the pattern of change in aragonite concentration (Ω) in the study area over time.  If you assume a steady rate of aragonite saturation decrease over time, when will coral reefs reach the critical 3.3 Ω level?

12.  Friday 8AM-9AM: NOAA Data Education Project  Saturday 3:30PM-4:30: Corals, Tech, and Carbon (bleaching and OA) Paulo.Maurin@noaa.gov