1. NOAA Plans for LEO & GEO The long and winding road from TOVS to NPOESS and ATS to ABS Paul Menzel NOAA/NESDIS/ORA TOVS, ATOVS, MODIS, AIRS, VIIRS, CrIMSS ATS, SMS, VISSR, METEOSAT, VAS, GOES, GHIS, GIFTS, ABS Anticipated Capabilities

2. Long Range Integrated Satellite Transition CY 9900111213141516171803080910010207040506 Local Equatorial Crossing Time 0730- 1030 0530 1330 DMSP POES Aqua C2 or C1 DMSP POES NPP Terra METOP WindSat 19 GEO GIFTS POLAR GIFTS/IOMI GOES – R Series 20 21 Integrated System NPOESS GOES

3. POES (K-N`) Instruments AVHRR HIRS SARR

4. Orbit type (equatorial crossing times) Future Additional Satellites Operator launch date Other information “Morning” (6:00 – 12:00) (18:00 – 24:00) NOAA-M NPOESS-1 NPOESS-4 NOAA 6/2002 2010 2015 (9:30) Sun-synchr. “Afternoon” (12:00 – 16:00) (00:00 – 04:00) NOAA-N NOAA-N’ NPOESS-2 NPOESS-5 NOAA 6/2004 3/2008 2011 2017 (13.30) “Early morning” ( 4:00 - 6:00) (16:00 – 18:00) DMSP-S16 DMSP-S17 DMSP-S18 DMSP-S19 DMSP-S20 NPOESS-3 NPOESS-6 NOAA 2001 2002 2003 2005 2007 2013 2018 (5:30) Planned Leo Launches

5. New environmental remote sensing capabilities are offering higher spatial resolution more spectral bands higher spectral resolution higher temporal resolution better calibration better science Synergy is increasing between POES and GOES sensors research and operational sensors US and international sensors Opportunities can be realized with new approaches new partnerships early involvement in science teams and associated field programs land ocean atmosphere weather climate VIS IR MW active passive

6. NPOESS Instruments US 0530US 0930US 1330EUM 0930 VIIRSVIIRSVIIRS CMISCMISCMIS CrISIASI ATMSAMSU/MHS OMPSGOME GPSOSGPSOSGRAS SESSSESSSEM CERES TSIS ALT ASCAT DCSDCSDCS SARSATSARSATSARSAT

7. VIIRS, MODIS, FY-1C, AVHRR H2O O2 CO2 H2O O2 O3 H2O O2

8. FY-1C 1 580 - 680 2 840 - 890 3 3.55 - 3.93 4 10.3 - 11.3 5 11.5 - 12.5 6 1.58 - 1.64 7 430 - 480 8 480 - 530 9 530 - 580 10 900 - 965 AVHRR 1 580 - 680 2 840 - 940 3 3.55 - 3.93 4 10.3 - 11.3 5 11.5 - 12.5 MODIS 8 405 - 420 9 438 - 448 10 483 - 493 12 546 - 556 1 620 - 670 13 662 - 672 15 743 - 753 16 862 - 877 2 841 - 877 5 1.23 - 1.25 26 1.36 - 1.39 6 1.63 - 1.65 7 2.11 - 2.16 20 3.66 - 3.84 23 4.02 - 4.08 29 8.40 - 8.70 31 10.78 - 11.28 32 11.77 - 12.27 plus more IR VIIRS M1 402 - 422 M2 436 - 464 M3 478 - 498 M4 545 - 565 I1 620 - 670 M5 662 - 682 M6 744 - 758 M7 845 - 885 I2 845 - 885 M81.23 - 1.25 M91.371 - 1.385 M101.58 - 1.64 I31.58 - 1.64 M112.235 - 2.285 M123.61 - 3.79 I43.55 - 3.93 M133.97 - 4.13 M148.40 - 8.7 M1510.3 - 11.3 M1611.5 - 12.5 I510.6 - 12.5 Spectral bands of polar imagers (nm or um)

9. Earth emitted spectra overlaid on Planck function envelopes MODIS VIIRS

11. II II I |I IATMS Spectral Regions

12. NPOESS Instruments in Development/Production Phase Ozone Mapping & Profiler Suite (Artist Conception) Ball Advanced Technology MW Sounder (ATMS) (GSFC Notional Design) Aerojet Cross-track IR Sounder (CrIS) (Engineering Development Unit) ITT Visible/IR Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) (Artist Conception) SBRS 176 kg 170 W 10.5 Mbps 87 kg 91 W 1.8 Mbps 45 kg 45 W 180 kbps 66 kg 85 W 30 kbps

13. NPP PROPOSED INSTRUMENTS FROM IPO VIIRS (VISIBLE INFRARED IMAGER RADIOMETER SUITE) 21 CHANNELS (INCLUDING.4,.5,.6,.7,.8,.9, 1.2 1.4, 1.6, 2.3, 3.7, 8.6, 10.3, 11.0, 12.0 UM) 12 BIT, 0.8 KM RES, VIS CAL, IRW NEDT OF.1 K CRIS (CROSS TRACK IR SOUNDER) INTERFEROMETER COVERING SW (4.0 UM) TO LW (15.4) 1 KM (VERT), ~10 KM (HOR), AND 1 K RES LEVERAGED FROM NASA ATMS (ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY MICROWAVE SOUNDER) COVERING 23, 31, 50, 57, 89, 166, AND 183 GHZ BANDS 10 KM FOV AT 183, S/N AS GOOD AS AMSU IN CRIS FOV, 118 GHZ ALSO BEING EXPLORED

14. Suggested ATMS Channels Ch (GHz)BW(GHz)Characteristic 1*23.80.27split window-water vapor 100 mm 2*31.40.18split window-water vapor 500 mm 3*50.30.18window-surface emissivity 451.760.40window-surface emissivity 5*52.80.40surface air 6*53.596±.1150.174 km ~ 700 mb temp and precip 7*54.40.409 km ~ 400 mb temp and precip 8*54.940.4011 km ~ 250 mb 9*55.50.3313 km ~ 180 mb 10*57.29030.3317 km ~ 90 mb 11*57.2903 ±.2170.07819 km ~ 50 mb 12*57.2903 ±.322 ±.0480.03625 km ~ 25 mb 13*57.2903 ±.322 ±.0220.01629 km ~ 10 mb 14*57.2903 ±.322 ±.010 0.00832 km ~ 6 mb 15*57.2903 ±.322 ±.0040.0337 km ~ 3 mb 16*89.06.0window-precip and water vapor 150 mm 17166.314.0H 2 O 18 mm 18*183.31±72.0H 2 O 8 mm 19183.31±4.52.0H 2 O 4.5 mm 20*183.31±31.0H 2 O 2.5 mm 21183.31±1.81.0H 2 O 1.2 mm 22*183.31±10.5H 2 O 0.5 mm * In common with AMSU/HSB

15. GOES Satellites Imager 120 kg 177 W 2.62 Mbps Sounder 132 kg 178 W 40 kbps GOES-I Series 2105 kg GOES-N Series 1615 kg SXI 23 kg 57 W 100 kbps IOO 35 kg 150 W 100 kbps

16. Sector Future additional satellites operator Planned launch ( Planned location) Other remarks E-Pacific (180°W- 108°W) and West Atlantic (108°W- 36°W) GOES-N GOES-O GIFTS GOES-P GOES-R NOAA NASA/ NOAA 4/2003 2005 2006 2007 2012 135° or 75° W 135°,100 °, 75° W, then Indian Ocean 135° or 75° W Planned Geo Launches

17. "Normal people... believe that if it ain't broke, don't fix it. Engineers/Scientists believe that if it ain't broke, it doesn't have enough features yet."

18. ABI addresses the NWS Imager concerns by: - increasing the spatial resolutions (the NWS goal is 0.5 km for the IR) - improving temporal sampling (faster scanning plus more regions scanned) - adding spectral bands (enables new and/or improved products) A view into the future: simulations of improved cloud, moisture, and surface products with ABI. Advanced Baseline Imager on GOES-R

19. Two visible bands, two near IR and eight IR bands (10.3 not shown) Simulated ABI (from MODIS) All images are displayed at 2 km resolutions

20. Simulated GOES (from MODIS) All images are displayed at 2 km resolutions One visible (at a higher resolution) band and four IR bands

21. Lake Effect Snow Bands: Visible January 19, 2001 17:15 UTC MODIS 0.25 km MODIS 0.5 kmActual GOES-8 1 km MODIS 0.25 km

22. MODIS 1 km MODIS 0.5 km Ice On Lake Erie: Visible February 12, 2001 16:27 UTC 0.25 km data represents possible future (beyond ABI) GOES visible imagery. MODIS 0.25 km

23. ABI Simulations (from MODIS data) Water/Ice Clouds and Snow/Lake Ice 3-color composite (Visible/1.6 μm/8.5-11 μm) February 12, 2001 16:27 UTC UW/CIMSS Vis/1.6um/8.5-11um Water cloud Ice cloud Lake Ice Snow Super-Cooled cloud UW/CIMSS

24. MODIS RGB composite shows one application of the 0.47  m on the ABI. UW/CIMSS

25. Advanced Baseline Sounder on GOES-R *Addresses NWS concerns by improving - temporal resolution: ‘sounding disk’ in 1 hour - vertical resolution 1 km for temp, 2 km for moisture - spatial resolution to 10 km for independent obs * Geo - Interferometer combines several advanced technologies - large focal plane detector arrays - Fourier Transform Spectrometry - on-board data processing. * ABS will provide moisture and cloud information as never before.

26. Areas within 62 degrees local zenith angle from GOES-East and GOES-West sub- satellite points are indicated. Threshold coverage rate calls for the 62 arc region, excluding half of over-lap, to be scanned each hour. Current GOES -E and -W sounder hourly coverage is also shown. Spatial Coverage UW-Madison/CIMSS

27. ABS’ using the shortwave side of the water vapor band.

28. The advanced sounder has more and sharper weighting functions UW/CIMSS These water vapor weighting functions reflect the radiance sensitivity of the specific channels to a water vapor % change at a specific level (equivalent to dR/dlnq scaled by dlnp). Moisture Weighting Functions Pressure Weighting Function Amplitude Wavenumber (cm-1)

29. NASA NMP

30. Geostationary Sounders (# of channels) VAS (experimental) GOES Sounder (operational) GIFTS (experimental) (12) (18) (~1600) Advanced Baseline Sounder (operational) time The ABS is the next logical step from experimental low spectral resolution to finally operational high-spectral resolution sounders.

31. Long Range Integrated Satellite Transition CY 9900111213141516171803080910010207040506 Local Equatorial Crossing Time 0730- 1030 0530 1330 DMSP POES Aqua C2 or C1 DMSP POES NPP Terra METOP WindSat 19 GEO GIFTS POLAR GIFTS/IOMI GOES – R Series 20 21 Integrated System NPOESS GOES

32. Summary The satellite remote sensing capability has had many positive consequences: –it has saved thousands of lives and millions of dollars from the ravages of storms; –it has made meteorological satellite data routinely available to nations around the globe; –in conjunction with improvements in numerical weather prediction, it has helped to improve forecast skill significantly; –and as valuable part of GOS it will help discern climate trends. NOAA is investigating the opportunities for further evolving the geostationary and polar orbiting remote sensing capabilities:

33. Remote sensing of gradients in spectra, space, and time will be better than ever The business of looking down is looking up