1. Impact on Students “What We Know” 4 There are often unrealistic expectations for CRE –that we need to “fix” children but not adults –that CRE should reduce all conflict behavior –that a short-term/”small dosage” implementation will change conflict behavior –that continuity of CRE at each developmental phase is unnecessary –that skills enhancement alone will produce sustained behavioral change

2. Impact on Students “What We Know” cont’d 4 Schools may be wary of implementing CRE due to an initial increase in conflict behavior 4 Successful CRE requires a shift from an authoritarian to a collaborative school system 4 Student change depends on the motivation of the school system to change as well 4 Longer-lasting effects achieved by more system elements

3. Impact on Students “What We Know” cont’d 4 Multiple studies show many positive outcomes of CRE 4 CRE INCREASES –academic achievement –positive attitudes toward school –assertiveness –cooperation –communication skills –healthy interpersonal/inter-group relations –constructive CR at home and school –self-control –self-esteem

4. Impact on Students “What We Know” cont’d 4 CRE DECREASES –aggressiveness –discipline referrals –drop-out rates –social withdrawal –suspension rates –victimized behavior –violence

5. Implications for Practice 4 Inattention to careful planning and long-term implementation has added to the impression that CRE efforts “just won’t work”. 4 We need to support comprehensive efforts with Affective, Behavioral and Cognitive approaches 4 Collaborative response from educators is important 4 Holistic learning strategies are key

6. Implications for Practice cont’d 4 Developmental appropriateness of CRE training should be considered 4 Some of the goals of CRE, like “positive moral climate” are difficult to measure. 4 CRE researchers should collaborate with educational researchers in three areas: teacher and school renewal accountability uses of technology