1. Discourse Analysis of “Keep Smiling” P60 No26 ---By Group 13

2. Discourse Analysis Outline Cohesion (lexical& grammatical) Coherence Context Culture Critique Activity

3. Cohesion Lexical cohesion: Repetition Synonym Antonym Hyponym Collocation Grammatical cohesion: Reference Conjunction Substitution

4. Lexical cohesion: Repetition A few days ago I made a train journey in the south of India. Sitting next to me was a young man who helped to make me comfortable by moving his bag to make more room for me. As he did so, he was smiling. The next thing I knew we had settled into our seats and were chatting together about ourselves (in English). He said he worked in Europe, in a science laboratory, and added that living in a foreign country had made him change his body language and his facial expressions. By the time I reached my destination we had exchanged email addresses and arranged to meet again. It felt as if we were old friends --- just because a young man had chosen to smile to a stranger on a crowded train.

5. Lexical cohesion: Synonym A few days ago I made a train journey in the south of India. Sitting next to me was a young man who helped to make me comfortable by moving his bag to make more room for me. As he did so, he was smiling. The next thing I knew we had settled into our seats and were chatting together about ourselves (in English). He said he worked in Europe, in a science laboratory, and added that living in a foreign country had made him change his body language and his facial expressions. By the time I reached my destination we had exchanged email addresses and arranged to meet again. It felt as if we were old friends --- just because a young man had chosen to smile to a stranger on a crowded train.

6. Lexical cohesion: Antonym A few days ago I made a train journey in the south of India. Sitting next to me was a young man who helped to make me comfortable by moving his bag to make more room for me. As he did so, he was smiling. The next thing I knew we ad settled into our seats and were chatting together about ourselves (in English). He said he worked in Europe, in a science laboratory, and added that living in a foreign country had made him change his body language and his facial expressions. By the time I reached my destination we had exchanged email addresses and arranged to meet again. It felt as if we were old friends --- just because a young man had chosen to smile to a stranger on a crowded train.

7. Facial Expressions Smilewink… Lexical cohesion: Hyponym

8. Lexical cohesion: Collocation A few days ago I made a train journey in the south of India. Sitting next to me was a young man who helped to make me comfortable by moving his bag to make more room for me. As he did so, he was smiling. The next thing I knew we had settled into our seats and were chatting together about ourselves (in English). He said he worked in Europe, in a science laboratory, and added that living in a foreign country had make him change his body language and his facial expressions. By the time I reached my destination we had exchanged email addresses and arranged to meet again. I felt as if we were old friends—just because a young man had chosen to smile to a stranger on a crowded train.

9. Grammatical cohesion: Conjunctions & Substitution & Reference A few days ago I made a train journey in the south of India. Sitting next to me was a young man who helped to make me comfortable by moving his bag to make more room for me. As he did so, he was smiling. The next thing I knew we had settled into our seats and were chatting together about ourselves (in English). He said he worked in Europe, in a science laboratory, and added that living in a foreign country had make him change his body language and his facial expressions. By the time I reached my destination we had exchanged email addresses and arranged to meet again. I felt as if we were old friends—just because a young man had chosen to smile to a stranger on a crowded train.

10. Coherence 1. Inductive method Conclusion – keep smiling and be nice to people. Describe his experiences in a train journey

11. Chronological order 1.actions consequences, 2. time sequences Keep Smiling A few days ago I made a train journey in the south of India. Sitting next to me was a young man who helped to make me comfortable by moving his bag to make more room for me. As he did so, he was smiling. The next thing I knew we had settled into our seats and were chatting together about ourselves (in English). He said he worked in Europe, in a science laboratory, and added that living in a foreign country had make him change his body language and his facial expressions. By the time I reached my destination we had exchanged email addresses and arranged to meet again. I felt as if we were old friends—just because a young man had chosen to smile to a stranger on a crowded train.

12. Macro-structure Keep smiling Micro-structure Detail One Moving his bag to make more room for me Detail Two Chatting together Detail Three Exchanging emails Coherence

13. When: A few days ago Where: In India Who: “ I ” as a traveler; an Indian What: I become friends with a stranger Why: a young man had chosen to smile to a stranger Context narrative storey Wh -s

14. Culture Cultural contrast: Indians ranks the bottom （ 124 ） when it comes to showing their emotions “ I ”,as an Indian was convinced by a nice young man that smile is a powerful tool to make friends Intention : to illustrate the significance smiling

15. Critique Different culture sometimes interpret the meaning of smile differently Eg.

16. Activity 1.Adapt the text into a dialogue and role play it. ( Invite students to play out smiley and non-smiley young man using the same dialogue as a contrast and enjoy the comic effect). 2. Chain story (cohesion & coherence)

17. Thank you for your attention!