1. Chapter 11
WATER RESOURCES

2. Hydrologic Cycle
Continuous movement of water
All three phases of matter are represented
Freshwater is not equally distributed

3. Hydrologic Cycle

4. Hydrologic Cycle
Evaporation
Precipitation
Condensation
Runoff
Infiltration
Groundwater Flow
Transpiration

5. Global Water Supply

6. Surface Water
Runoff/Overland Flow
Tributaries
Watershed or Drainage Basin
Drainage Divide

7. Groundwater
Vadose Zone
Phreatic Zone
Water Table
Perched Water Table

8. Vadose and Phreatic Zones

9. Groundwater
Aquifer
Aquitard
Confined Aquifer
Unconfined Aquifer

10. Groundwater
Figure 11.9

11. Free Flowing Artesian Wells

12. Artesian System for Municipal Water Supply

13. Drawdown and Cone of Depression

14. Long Island
Sole Source Aquifer System
Upper Glacial Aquifer
Magothy Aquifer
Lloyd Aquifer

15. Long Island
44 inches of precipitation annually
Freshwater lens
Ghyben-Herzberg Equation

16. Long Island
Excess extraction
~50’ drop in water table in some areas
Saltwater Intrustion

17. Groundwater
Primary water source for ~50% of US
US has lots of water
Not equally distributed

18. Over-Pumping Groundwater
Texas
California
Nevada
Oklahoma
Arizona
New Mexico
Louisiana
Mississippi
Arkansas

19. Groundwater Use and Supply
Figure 11.13

20. Groundwater Movement
Hydraulic Gradient
Hydraulic Conductivity

21. Groundwater Movement
Porosity
Permeability

22. Darcy’s Law
Q=K(dh/dl)A

23. Darcy’s Law Q=Kdh/dlA Q= Discharge of Water K=Hydraulic Conductivity
dh=Change in water table elevation
dl=Distance along which change occurs
A=Area of aquifer system

24. End of Chapter 11