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Chapter 11 WATER RESOURCES
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Hydrologic Cycle Continuous movement of water All three phases of matter are represented Freshwater is not equally distributed
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Hydrologic Cycle
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Hydrologic Cycle Evaporation Precipitation Condensation Runoff Infiltration Groundwater Flow Transpiration
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Global Water Supply
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Surface Water Runoff/Overland Flow Tributaries Watershed or Drainage Basin Drainage Divide
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Groundwater Vadose Zone Phreatic Zone Water Table Perched Water Table
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Vadose and Phreatic Zones
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Groundwater Aquifer Aquitard Confined Aquifer Unconfined Aquifer
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Groundwater Figure 11.9
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Free Flowing Artesian Wells
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Artesian System for Municipal Water Supply
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Drawdown and Cone of Depression
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Long Island Sole Source Aquifer System Upper Glacial Aquifer Magothy Aquifer Lloyd Aquifer
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Long Island 44 inches of precipitation annually Freshwater lens Ghyben-Herzberg Equation
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Long Island Excess extraction ~50’ drop in water table in some areas Saltwater Intrustion
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Groundwater Primary water source for ~50% of US US has lots of water Not equally distributed
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Over-Pumping Groundwater
Texas California Nevada Oklahoma Arizona New Mexico Louisiana Mississippi Arkansas
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Groundwater Use and Supply
Figure 11.13
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Groundwater Movement Hydraulic Gradient Hydraulic Conductivity
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Groundwater Movement Porosity Permeability
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Darcy’s Law Q=K(dh/dl)A
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Darcy’s Law Q=Kdh/dlA Q= Discharge of Water K=Hydraulic Conductivity
dh=Change in water table elevation dl=Distance along which change occurs A=Area of aquifer system
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End of Chapter 11
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