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Sediment  Weathering  Erosion  Transportation  Deposition.

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Presentation on theme: "Sediment  Weathering  Erosion  Transportation  Deposition."— Presentation transcript:

1 Sediment  Weathering  Erosion  Transportation  Deposition

2 Physical Weathering  Breakage of rocks into smaller bits  Freeze-thaw  Smaller rock bits have more surface area for further breakage  Positive feedback loop

3 Chemical Weathering  Reactions between minerals and water in presence of oxygen  Three types of reactions  Oxidation  Hydration  hydrolysis  Many minerals are not at equilibrium at Earth’s surface

4 Chemical Weathering  Materials want to attain chemical equilibrium at Earth’s surface  Reactions increase at higher temperatures  Efficient reaction requires assembly of reactants and removal of products  Smaller grains react more rapidly  Positive feedback loop

5 Soil Structure zUppermost layers -> Living and decomposed organic material zLower layers -> Weathered (altered) rock debris zRegolith

6 Weathering -> Lithologic effects  Differential Weathering  Carbonate landscapes  Carbonate rocks dissolve in acid rain  Caves, sinkholes and karst terrain

7 Weathering and Plate Tectonics  Passive margins  Dominated by sedimentation  Mature sediments  Active Margins  Rapid uplift  Coarser sediments

8 Weathering and climate zArid - slow weathering zArctic - ineffective chemical weathering zTemperate - complex soil profiles zTropical - extensive weathering

9 Erosional Agents  Rain  Wind  Rivers  Glaciers  Ocean waves  Gravity


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