1. Edo Culture and the Coming of the West

2. Systems of Control a.Rearrangement of domains b.Alternate Attendance System (sankin kōtai) c.Sakoku (“Closed Country”) d.Freezing of the Social Order

3. Confucian Status System Shi (samurai) Nō (peasants) Kō (artisans) Shō (merchants)

4. Ukiyo: The Floating World Defined the cultural life of Edo Playful, Fleeting

5. The Chonin and Genroku Culture Genroku period: 1688-1703 Major cities: – Edo, the political capital – Osaka, the merchant center Chonin = “townspeople”

6. New Urban Art Forms Kabuki theater Bunraku (puppet theater) Literature Ukiyo-e (woodblock prints)

7. Kabuki Theater

8. Grand Kabuki Theater in Tokyo today

9. A contemporary Kabuki performer

10. Kabuki Onnagata (female role player)

11. Bunraku

14. Five Women Who Loved Love, by Saikaku

15. Woodblock Prints Ukiyo-e: “pictures of the floating world”

16. Hiroshige’s Wave

17. Hiroshige’s “Evening Snow at Kanbara”

18. Hokusai’s “Red Fuji”

19. Utamaro Okita

20. Utamaro Ohisa, Okita, and Ohina

21. Utamaro

22. Sharaku Otani Onji II

24. Sharaku Ichizawa Ebizo IV

25. New Intellectual Trends Kokugaku (National Learning) Rangaku (Dutch Studies) Mito School

26. Kokugaku: The School of National Learning Nationalist thought, sought to bring foreign Buddhism and Confucianism into a more indigenous Japanese framework Some kokugaku scholars rejected Chinese learning altogether Kojiki (Records of Ancient Matters, 7 th C) as principle text for Kokugaku scholars

27. Kokugaku Motoori Norinaga Shakyamuni and Confucius Are also kami; Hence their ways are branch roads Of the broad Way of Kami Hirata Atsutane – Sun Goddess Amaterasu as national deity

28. Rangaku: Dutch Studies

29. Arrival of Dutch ship at Dejima

30. Dejima

31. Rangaku: Dutch Studies Studied books brought by Dutch traders at Nagasaki Science and technology

32. Mito School Tokugawa Mitsukuni sponsors the writing of the “Great History of Japan” Exalts the emperor and imperial family

33. Review of internal changes: Sankin kotai moves wealth from the samurai class to the merchant class

34. Review of internal changes: Sankin kotai moves wealth from the samurai class to the merchant class Increasing peasant stratification

35. Review of internal changes: Sankin kotai moves wealth from the samurai class to the merchant class Increasing peasant stratification Edo culture and commercialism contribute to a mixing of social classes

36. Review of internal changes: Sankin kotai moves wealth from the samurai class to the merchant class Increasing peasant stratification Edo culture and commercialism contribute to a mixing of social classes New intellectual trends try to make sense of changes, but also offer challenges to bakufu

37. Foreign Threats Russian Expansionism British Imperialism U.S. Threat

38. Commodore Perry Two Demands: 1.Guarantee the safety of shipwrecked American sailors 2.Open Japan to trade

39. U.S. Japan Fleet

40. Black Ship

41. Kanagawa Agreement (1854) Japan will open two ports for repair of ships – Shimoda, on the Ise peninsula – Hakodate, on Hokkaido

42. Kanagawa Agreement (1854) Japan will open two ports for repair of ships – Shimoda, on the Ise peninsula – Hakodate, on Hokkaido Just treatment of shipwrecked American sailors

43. Kanagawa Agreement (1854) Japan will open two ports for repair of ships – Shimoda, on the Ise peninsula – Hakodate, on Hokkaido Just treatment of shipwrecked American sailors U.S. sends first diplomat, Townsend Harris, to Shimoda to negotiate a formal treaty

44. Japan’s Response to the West Kaikoku: “open country” – Ii Naosuke, Bakufu chief counselor Jōi: “expel the barbarian” – Tokugawa Nariaki, Lord of Mito Domain

45. Commercial Treaty with U.S. Edo, Kobe, Nagasaki, Niigata, and Yokohama opened to trade with U.S. Japanese tariffs placed under international control System of Extraterritoriality

46. Commercial Treaties of 1857-58 First treaty negotiated by Townsend Harris Treaties with Britain, France, Russia and Holland followed Mark the beginning of the “unequal treaties” that placed Japan in a semi-colonial status

47. Sonnō Jōi Sonnō = “revere the emperor” Jōi = “expel the barbarian”

48. Sonnō Jōi Sonnō = “revere the emperor” Jōi = “expel the barbarian” Combined Mito School emphasis on reverence for emperor with concern about foreign incursion Hostile to perceived bakufu incompetence