2.  Remember that evolution is defined as a change in the gene frequencies in a population over time.

3. survive to reproduce and proliferate the species

4.  Speciation  Macroevolution  Adaptive radiation  Divergent evolution  Descent with modification

5.  False, adaptation Like opposable Thumb Most Mutations Are harmful http://www.poe- news.com/imgs/story/80993-wolfman.jpg http://www.amniodex.com/images/karyotype.gif

7.  Evidence of a previously living organism http://ec1.images-amazon.com/images/I/4179PX32DYL._SS500_.jpg BUT NOT that dinosaur toy!

8.  Change to a gene or chromosome of an organism http://www.amniodex.com/images/karyotype.gif http://www.flickr.com/photos/37418570@N03/3715662538/

9.  Two unrelated species evolve to have similar traits with similar functions (but different structures) http://www.peabody.yale.edu/exhibits/treeoflife/images/convergence4.jpg

10.  Organisms evolve from a common ancestor into different species http://www.biol.unipr.it/~palanza/evoluzione-pict/divergenza.gif

11.  Sedimentary

12.  Not “dinosaurs are stupid” or any similar choice

13.  A. fish and humans  B. snakes and chickens  C. oak trees and elephants  D. dogs and cats

14.  Inheritance of acquired traits

15.  Charles Darwin

16.  Islands that were relatively close together were home to vastly different related organisms ◦ All birds, all finches, different beaks because why? Different niches, different food sources

17.  Organisms are naturally selected because they are more fit to survive to reproduce and proliferate the species http://www.dsbn.edu.on.ca/Schools/Collegiate/Departments/Science/biology/meiosis. gif

18.  A dominant lethal mutation would affect all offspring, limit reproduction and reduce the population

19.  Mostly accepted, with some persecution &

20. electrode simulating lightning hydrogen methane & Ammonia gases Boiling water will allow water vapor to circulate Most Importantly, flask fills with ORGANIC COMPOUNDS (basic units of life) from abiotic gases http://www.welchclass.com/Biology/evolution/millerurey.JPG

21. http://www.peabody.yale.edu/exhibits/treeoflife/images/convergence4.jpg

22.  Embryos look similar arguing that they all came from a common ancestor  Human embryos have pharyngeal slits

24.  Fossil record  Geographical distribution of living species  Homologous structures  Similar embryology  Antibiotic resistance

25.  E (so choice C on your paper)

26.  A. sexual reproduction is more hazardous than asexual reproduction, and only the fit survive.  B. asexual reproduction occurs only in one celled organisms.  C. sexual reproduction in more likely to produce a variety of offspring. ◦ Because of crossing over! http://www.biologyreference.com/images/biol_03_img0265.jpg  D. sexual reproduction is slower than asexual reproduction in producing offspring.

27.  Domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species, variety  (Take what you’ve heard of before and make it a sandwich- domain and variety are the bread!)

28.  Animal and Vegetable

29.  Felis concolor

30.  Many organisms contain structures that have no function but that resemble functional structures of other organisms.  This suggests that the structures are inherited from a common ancestor. ◦ Humans have an appendix that seems to have no apparent function (although we may have needed it in the past to digest food) http://www.nytimes.com/2007/12/09/magazine/09_4_appendix.html http://www.health-res.com/EX/08-04-07/i2appendicitis.JPG http://www.webmd.com/digestive-disorders/picture-of-the-appendix

31.  What is the red arrow pointing to? ◦ Vestigial whale Pelvis and femur (leg bone)  What does the evidence above suggest about the ancestors of whales? ◦ That they used to walk  How could vestigial structures like the whale pelvis and femur contribute to the theory of evolution? ◦ That all organisms come from a common ancestor

32. http://skywalker.cochise.edu/wellerr/students/whales/whales_files/image001.gif

33.  Most commonly, in sedimentary rock  Amber resin (http://www.balticamber.com/product832/http://www.balticamber.com/product832/ product_info.html)  Cast and mold (http://www.flickr.com/photos/greenriver/2618577379/)

35.  Just do as you did for Rat Island- use words like random mutation, survival of the fittest, reproduction, inheritance, speciation, etc. http://www.edwardtbabinski.us/articles/sn ake_vestigial_limb.html

36. Peppered Moth http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Biston.betularia.7200.jpg en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Biston.betularia.f.carbonaria.7209.jpg en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J._B._S._Haldane The Peppered Moth is an example of Natural Selection in action discovered by Haldane During the Industrial Revolution the trees on which the moth rested became soot-covered. This selected against the allele for pale color in the population (which were poorly camouflaged from predators) and selected for the dark color allele.  

37. 38. Please explain how we have so many different types of dogs if they are all one species. www.puppy-training-solutions.com/image-files/dog-breed-information.jpg The dog is another example of how selection can change the frequency of alleles in a population. Dogs have been artificially selected for certain characteristics for many years, and different breeds have different alleles. All breeds of dog belong to the same species, Canis lupus (the wolf) so this is an example of microevolution as no new species has resulted. Dogs are all domesticated wolves, just different varieties

38. Strand ACGT ATC CGA Strand BCGT TCG CGA Strand CCGT ATG CGA Strand DCGT CCG GGA 39. The diagram below shows the most likely pattern of primate evolution. Strand A represents a sequence of DNA found in the chimp. Which of the other DNA sequences most likely represents the bonobo? Strand C, only one DNA difference from strand A http://lolayabonobo.wildlifedirect.org/2008/ 11/

39. 40. What other aspect of organisms have we seen used to relatively place them [the organisms] on a cladogram? Anatomy 41. Why are we able to agreeably compare organism phenotype and genotype on the same cladogram? DNA codes for anatomy

40. 42. Describe two differences among the following organisms’ cell structures. Every kingdom except Animalia has cell walls Protista and Plantae are the only kingdoms with chloroplasts

41. http://www.welchclass.com/Biology/evolution/millerurey.JPG