2. Taking care of your skin, hair, and nails helps keep your whole body healthy.

3. epidermis dermis melanin sebaceous glands hair follicles melanoma

4. Your Skin Skin protects you from pathogens, regulates your body temperature, and helps you feel sensations. ______ is the largest organ on the human body.

5. Your Skin The skin consists of two main layers, the _________ and the dermis. __________ The outer, thinner layer of the skin that is composed of living and dead cells

6. Your Skin Just underneath the epidermis is the ________. ___________ The thicker layer of the skin beneath the epidermis that is made up of connective tissue and contains blood vessels and nerves

7. Your Skin Cells in the epidermis make substances called lipids, which make your skin waterproof. This waterproofing helps the body maintain a proper balance of water and electrolytes.

8. Your Skin The more ________ that your body produces, the darker the skin. ___________ A pigment that gives the skin, hair, and iris of the eyes their color

9. Your Skin Three Main Functions of Skin Protection Temperature Control Sensation

10. Your Skin Epidermis Dermis Subcutaneous Layer

11. Your Skin hair dead epidermis living epidermis sweat pore sebaceous gland hair follicle muscle duct of sweat gland sweat gland artery vein nerve fat tissue

12. Your Skin Sebaceous glands are also found in the dermis. Sebum helps keep skin and hair from drying out. Sebaceous glands Structures within the skin that produce an oily secretion called sebum

13. Keeping Your Skin Healthy A daily routine will keep your skin healthy.

14. Keeping Your Skin Healthy Choose personal skin care products carefully to avoid irritation and the chance of allergic reaction. Avoid touching your face with your hands. Wash your face every morning and evening with mild soap and water. Tips for Keeping Your Skin Healthy Follow a well-balanced eating plan that is rich in vitamins and minerals.

15. Keeping Your Skin Healthy An eating plan rich in vitamin A will promote healthy skin.

16. UV Protection Tanned skin is a sign that skin has been damaged by UV rays. Prolonged exposure to UV rays can lead to skin cancer.

17. UV Protection Wear protective clothing. Apply sunscreen 15 to 30 minutes before going outside, even on cloudy days. Always wear sunscreen with an SPF of 15 or higher on exposed areas of skin. UV Protection Tips Wear sunglasses. Avoid using tanning beds, as prolonged exposure can lead to skin cancer.

18. Body Piercing and Tattooing Health Risks of Body Piecing and Tattooing Infections from bacteria Viruses from blood- borne pathogens Damage to mouth and teeth Limit future job opportunities and relationships

19. Skin Problems Acne occurs when clogged pores become infected and pus forms. Keep your face clean. Apply over-the-counter treatments. Avoid oily products and heavy makeup. See a doctor if necessary.

20. Skin Problems Warts are caused by viruses and can be spread through direct physical contact.

21. Skin Problems Dermatitis, or eczema, is inflamed skin usually caused by an allergic reaction. Keep your skin well moisturized to reduce irritation. See a doctor if necessary.

22. Skin Problems Boils form when _____ follicles become infected. Do not burst or squeeze a boil. _______ follicles Sacs or cavities that surround the roots of hairs

23. Skin Problems Fungal infections are spread by contact with skin, clothing, or in public showers. Keep skin clean and dry and treat with over-the- counter medicines.

24. Skin Problems Moles are usually harmless, but they can develop into _________, which can be deadly. __________ The most serious form of skin cancer

25. Skin Problems Early detection and treatment are critical in controlling the spread of melanoma. Regularly checking the appearance of your moles is important for the early detection of melanoma.

26. Skin Problems The ABCD’S of Melanoma Asymmetry Border Irregularity Color Diameter An imaginary line drawn through the center of the mole does not produce matching halves. Non-cancerous moles have smooth edges. Suspect moles often have irregular edges. Look for moles that are intensely black, possibly with a bluish tint, or that have an uneven color. Check for moles that are wider across than the width of a pea.

27. Skin Problems ABCD Asymmetry Border Irregularity ColorDiameter

28. Your Hair Your hair protects your skin from UV radiation and helps maintain body heat. Hair grows on every surface of the skin, except for the palms of the hand and the soles of the feet.

29. Your Hair Hair protects the skin from UV radiation and prevents loss of heat from the body. The eyebrows and eyelashes protect the eyes from dust and other particles.

30. Your Hair Shampoo regularly. Brush daily. Eat a well-balanced diet. Protecting Your Hair Limit the use of harsh chemical treatments. Avoid excessive use of heating irons or hot combs.

31. Hair Problems Dandruff Avoiding Dandruff Treating Dandruff Dead skin cells that are shed as sticky white flakes. Keep your hair clean. Use over-the-counter dandruff shampoo.

32. Hair Problems Head Lice Avoiding Head Lice Treating Head Lice Tiny parasitic insects that live in scalp hair. Don’t share brushes, combs, or hats. Use a medicated shampoo to kill the organisms.

33. Your Nails Nails help protect your fingers and toes. Your fingernails and toenails are made of closely packed dead cells that contain keratin.

34. Your Nails Any cut, split, or break of the skin surrounding the nail should be kept clean and treated with antibiotic ointment to avoid infection.

35. Your Nails Keep cuticles pushed back. Keep nails clean and evenly trimmed. Protecting Your Nails Trim toenails straight across and just slightly above the skin level. Keep nails short. Use a nail file to shape and smooth nails.

36. Your teeth and mouth need care to function well and keep you healthy.

37. Your Teeth Every tooth has three main parts. Having healthy teeth is important for your appearance and your overall physical health.

38. Your Teeth Your teeth break down foods into pieces that are small enough to easily digest. They also help form the shape and structure of your mouth.

39. Your Teeth The ____________ supports the tooth and holds it in place. ___________ The area immediately around the tooth

40. Parts of a Tooth Parts of the Periodontium The Gum Periodontal Ligaments The Jawbone

41. Parts of a Tooth Three Main Parts of the Tooth CrownNeckRoot

42. Parts of a Tooth Crown Neck Root

43. Parts of a Tooth enamel dentin gum gingivia pulp cavity with nerves and vessels cementum periodontal ligaments periodontal membrane root canal bone

44. Parts of a Tooth _________ is a hard substance made of calcium that protects the crown. Dentin is layer of connective tissue that contributes to the shape and hardness of a tooth.

45. Keeping Your Teeth and Mouth Healthy You can make choices that help keep your teeth and mouth clean and healthy. Oral hygiene, which includes brushing and flossing your teeth, is necessary for healthy, clean teeth.

46. Keeping Your Teeth and Mouth Healthy Bacteria metabolize the sugars in the foods you eat, producing an acid that breaks down the protective layer of tooth enamel. Tooth decay occurs when the enamel is destroyed and bacteria penetrate the tooth.

47. Keeping Your Teeth and Mouth Healthy ________ damages the tooth by coating it, sealing out the saliva that normally protects the tooth from bacteria. ________ A combination of bacteria and other particles, such as small bits of food, which adheres to the outside of a tooth

48. Keeping Your Teeth and Mouth Healthy If plaque builds up, acids produced by bacteria break down the tooth enamel, resulting in a cavity. If decay spreads down to the pulp, the tooth may have to be removed.

49. Keeping Your Teeth and Mouth Healthy Visit a dentist regularly.  Eat a well-balanced diet.  Reduce the number of sugary drinks and snacks you eat.  Brush your teeth after every meal, and floss daily.  Get regular dental checkups.  Wear a mouth guard when you play contact sports.  Avoid all tobacco products. 

50. Tooth and Mouth Problems __________ can be caused by eating certain foods, poor oral hygiene, smoking, bacteria on the tongue, decayed teeth, and gum disease. _________ Bad breath

51. Tooth and Mouth Problems Gum disease, or __________ disease, is caused by bacterial infection. _________ disease An inflammation of the periodontal structures

52. Tooth and Mouth Problems When plaque hardens, it builds up ______, a hard, crust like substance, and causes the gums to become irritated and swollen. This is called _______. If left untreated, the bone and tissue that support the teeth are destroyed, and teeth can be lost.

53. Tooth and Mouth Problems Impacted wisdom teeth sometimes crowd and push on other teeth or become infected. They may need to be removed surgically.

54. Your Eyes Your eyes sit in bony sockets, called orbits, at the front of your skull. A layer of fat cushions each eyeball inside its socket.

55. Your Eyes The lacrimal gland secretes tears into the eye through ducts. Tears keep the surface of the eyeball moist and clear of foreign particles.

56. Parts of the Eye sclera choroid vitrius humor optic nerve retina cornea iris pupil lens aqueous humor

57. Parts of the Eye The sclera is composed of tough, fibrous tissue. Sclera The white part of the eye

58. Parts of the Eye At the front of the eye rests the cornea. Cornea A transparent tissue that bends and focuses light before it enters the lens

59. Parts of the Eye The retina contains millions of light-sensitive cells called rods and cones, each named for its basic shape. Retina The inner layer of the eye wall

60. Parts of the Eye Rods are light sensitive cells that allow us to see in dim light. Cones are light sensitive cells that allow us to see in bright light and in color.

61. Parts of the Eye Sclera Cornea Choroid Iris Pupil Protects the inner eye and supports and shapes the eyeball Bends and focuses light before it enters the lens Lines the inside of the sclera Contracts and dilates the pupil Regulates the amount of light that reaches the inner eye

62. Parts of the Eye Retina Optic Nerve Lens Aqueous Humor Vitreous Humor Contains light-sensitive cells Transmits nerve impulses to the brain Helps refine the focus of images on the retina Provides nutrients to the eye Helps the eyeball stay firm and keeps the retina in place

63. Vision Eye doctors refer to clear, sharp, normal vision as __/___ vision. Other components of vision include eye coordination, peripheral or side vision, and depth perception.

64. Vision Nearsightedness, or Myopia Farsightedness, or Hyperopia Astigmatism Strabismus Detached Retina The inability to see distant objects clearly The inability see close objects clearly Blurred vision Eyes off-center, turned inward or outward Blurred vision or bright flashes of light Common Vision Disorders

65. Vision Infections and Viruses Glaucoma Cataracts Macular Degeneration Swelling, irritation, blurred vision, change in sclera color Cloudy, impaired vision, can cause permanent damage Foggy vision Vision loss Common Vision Problems

66. Asnwers

67. After You Read Reviewing Facts and Vocabulary Melanin is a pigment that gives the skin, hair, and iris of the eye their color. A hair follicle is a sac surrounding the hair root. 1.Define the terms melanin and hair follicle.

68. After You Read Reviewing Facts and Vocabulary 2.Explain the causes of acne. How is acne treated? Acne is caused by clogged skin pores. Treatment includes: washing the face gently twice a day; applying over-the-counter treatment creams; avoiding the use of oily products or too much makeup; not touching and picking at the skin; and prescription medications for extreme cases.

69. After You Read Reviewing Facts and Vocabulary 3.What viruses can you potentially contract through getting a tattoo? Hepatitis B, hepatitis C, and HIV

70. After You Read Reviewing Facts and Vocabulary Periodontal disease is inflammation of the periodontal structures. Plaque is a combination of bacteria and other particles that adheres to the outside of a tooth. 1.Define the terms periodontal disease and plaque.

71. After You Read Reviewing Facts and Vocabulary 2.What is the pulp of the tooth? Tissue that contains the blood vessels and nerves of a tooth

72. After You Read Reviewing Facts and Vocabulary 3.Explain how tooth decay happens. If plaque builds up, bacteria thrive in the plaque and produce acids that break down tooth enamel, forming a cavity.

73. After You Read Reviewing Facts and Vocabulary The lenses become cloudy and cannot focus light. 1.What happens to eyes that have cataracts?

74. After You Read Reviewing Facts and Vocabulary 2.What is astigmatism? Blurred vision due to a misshapen cornea or lens

75. Your Skin Skin protects you from pathogens, regulates your body temperature, and helps you feel sensations. Skin is the largest organ on the human body.

76. Your Skin The skin consists of two main layers, the epidermis and the dermis. Epidermis The outer, thinner layer of the skin that is composed of living and dead cells

77. Your Skin Just underneath the epidermis is the dermis. Dermis The thicker layer of the skin beneath the epidermis that is made up of connective tissue and contains blood vessels and nerves

78. Your Skin The more melanin that your body produces, the darker the skin. Melanin A pigment that gives the skin, hair, and iris of the eyes their color

79. Skin Problems Boils form when hair follicles become infected. Do not burst or squeeze a boil. Hair follicles Sacs or cavities that surround the roots of hairs

80. Skin Problems Moles are usually harmless, but they can develop into melanoma, which can be deadly. Melanoma The most serious form of skin cancer

81. Your Teeth The periodontium supports the tooth and holds it in place. Periodontium The area immediately around the tooth

82. Parts of a Tooth Enamel is a hard substance made of calcium that protects the crown. Dentin is layer of connective tissue that contributes to the shape and hardness of a tooth.

83. Keeping Your Teeth and Mouth Healthy Plaque damages the tooth by coating it, sealing out the saliva that normally protects the tooth from bacteria. Plaque A combination of bacteria and other particles, such as small bits of food, which adheres to the outside of a tooth

84. Tooth and Mouth Problems Halitosis can be caused by eating certain foods, poor oral hygiene, smoking, bacteria on the tongue, decayed teeth, and gum disease. Halitosis Bad breath

85. Tooth and Mouth Problems Gum disease, or periodontal disease, is caused by bacterial infection. Periodontal disease An inflammation of the periodontal structures

86. Tooth and Mouth Problems When plaque hardens, it builds up tartar, a hard, crustlike substance, and causes the gums to become irritated and swollen. This is called gingivitis. If left untreated, the bone and tissue that support the teeth are destroyed, and teeth can be lost.

87. Vision Eye doctors refer to clear, sharp, normal vision as 20/20 vision. Other components of vision include eye coordination, peripheral or side vision, and depth perception.