1. The Progressive Era

2. Era of Change  Between 1889 and 1917  Time when Americans decided to use governmental powers and influence to reform society  Changes in every realm of society from labor to women’s rights to education

3. Focus of the Progressive Crusaders  Government Reform- Changes in primary methods  Initiative and Recall- Gave the people more direct control of the political system  Labor  Theodore Roosevelt threatened owners with a government take over if they did not agree to negotiate with labor- specifically coal industry.  Health- improvement in the training of doctors  Improved treatment for major diseases  Education  John Dewey- belief in practical education that was meaningful in students’ lives- as well as active participation

4. Roots of Progressivism  Social Gospel  Reformers were heavily influenced by the church, and by the Social Gospel, which stated that the church should be active in reforming society  Muckrakers  Given this nickname by Roosevelt, journalists who exposed the corruption in business and politics  Upton Sinclair and the Jungle

5. 16 th Amendment  Lack of income from tariffs, expenses of expanding the navy and civil war pensions caused a deficit in the federal budget  Originally brought to the Supreme Court in 1909, approved by Congress, but the needed 3/4ths of the states was not achieved until 1913  Created a federally mandated income tax as a way to raise revenue.

6. Works Cited  Mintz, S., & McNeil, S. (2016). The Progressive Era. Digital History. Retrieved January 28, 2016, from http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/era.cfm? eraID=11&smtID=2