1. 05/03/2016FINNISH METEOROLOGICAL INSTITUTE Jarmo Koistinen, Heikki Pohjola Finnish Meteorological Institute CARPE DIEM FMI (Partner 5) progress report

2. 05/03/2016FINNISH METEOROLOGICAL INSTITUTE Work Packages ·Area 1/WP3: Development of a variational assimilation scheme for Doppler winds (FMI+SMHI, responsible persons at FMI Heikki Järvinen, Kirsti Salonen). ·Area 2/WP7: Advanced surface radar-based precipitation estimate applying NWP data (FMI, Jarmo Koistinen, Heikki Pohjola).

3. 05/03/2016FINNISH METEOROLOGICAL INSTITUTE 1(2) Objective: Improve the accuracy of operational precipitation measurements

4. 05/03/2016FINNISH METEOROLOGICAL INSTITUTE National End User Meeting in Feb. 2003 1. Finnish Road Authority Applies observed and nowcast distributions of rain, sleet and snow for road operations (snow clearing and salting costs ~100 M euros/winter). 2. Kemijoki hydroelectric power company See the presentation of Hannu Puranen. 3. FMI Continuous need to improve radar products (we are working in the Operative Services).

5. 05/03/2016FINNISH METEOROLOGICAL INSTITUTE Better accuracy with integrated data ·Existing: Hydrometeor phase analysis (rain, sleet, snow) based on surface data (T,RH). Resolution 5 min & 1 km.Time-space variable Z – R / Ze – S relations. ·New from CARPE DIEM: apply a NWP model (HIRLAM) to obtain 3D hydrometeors.

6. 05/03/2016FINNISH METEOROLOGICAL INSTITUTE WP 7.1: Attenuation correction based on 3D water phase diagnosis from NWP model quantities (single polarisation). Deliverables: ·Diagnosis of hydrometeor water phase in 3D radar volumes based on NWP model fields. ·Large attenuation statistics for rain only (assumed in most existing radar systems) compared to variable hydrometeor phase statistics. ·Improvement in surface precipitation estimates.

7. 05/03/2016FINNISH METEOROLOGICAL INSTITUTE An axample of severe C-band attenuation

8. 05/03/2016FINNISH METEOROLOGICAL INSTITUTE WP 7.1: Attenuation correction based on 3D water phase diagnosis from NWP model quantities (single polarisation). Work started in spring 2003: ·Software to read 3D HIRLAM real time fields from the FMI database into the 3D radar composite grid partly ready (see the manual slides by Harri Hohti). ·Hail algorithm (POH) implemented (see separate manual slides by Harri and Markus Peura).

9. 05/03/2016FINNISH METEOROLOGICAL INSTITUTE WP 7.2: Elimination of overhanging precipitation (OP) from surface estimates Altostratus 19 % of all VPR in Finland

10. 05/03/2016FINNISH METEOROLOGICAL INSTITUTE WP 7.2: Rejection of overhanging precipitation (OP) from surface estimates Deliverables: ·1D diagnosis of OP from polar volumes above each radar (see WP 7.3). ·3D diagnosis of OP from NWP fields between radar sites. ·Integrated radar-NWP correction method to reject OP from the network products. Work done: ·1D diagnosis ready, 3D HIRLAM fields can be read.

11. 05/03/2016FINNISH METEOROLOGICAL INSTITUTE WP 7.3: Vertical reflectivity profile (VPR) correction applying radars and NWP Deliverables: Automatic classification of VPR above each radar based on radar, soundings and NWP. Automatic quality control of each measured VPR. Operational VPR correction in a network of 7 radars.

12. 05/03/2016FINNISH METEOROLOGICAL INSTITUTE 1(2) Measured VPR 7 radars every 15 minutes layer thickness 200 m range 2 - 40 km max bin count 5000 / layer 3D polar volume Vertical Profile of Reflectivity (VPR)

13. 05/03/2016FINNISH METEOROLOGICAL INSTITUTE 1(2) Classification and QC of each VPR representativity rain bright band snow clutter clear air echo overhanging precipitation unphysical gradient Statistics Reference dBZ at ground level (green dot in VPR) Calculation of the correction Freezing level (FL) from radio soundings (soon: from HIRLAM also) Climatological profile adjusted to freezing level

14. 05/03/2016FINNISH METEOROLOGICAL INSTITUTE 1(2) Overhanging precipitation Examples of classified VPR´s Main parameters in profile recognition: Height Intensity Gradients (dBZ/km) Freezing level

15. 05/03/2016FINNISH METEOROLOGICAL INSTITUTE 1(2) Clear air echo and clutter Evaporation and clutter

16. 05/03/2016FINNISH METEOROLOGICAL INSTITUTE Snow 1(2) Rain and bright band

17. 05/03/2016FINNISH METEOROLOGICAL INSTITUTE 1(2) Climatological profile Bright band at ground, sleet

18. 05/03/2016FINNISH METEOROLOGICAL INSTITUTE 1(2) Profile representativity

19. 05/03/2016FINNISH METEOROLOGICAL INSTITUTE 1(2) Statistics of VPR from March 2001 to February 2002 (234 908 profiles)

20. 05/03/2016FINNISH METEOROLOGICAL INSTITUTE 1(2) Precipitation top height Mar 2001 – Feb 2002

21. 05/03/2016FINNISH METEOROLOGICAL INSTITUTE 1(2) VPR correction

22. 05/03/2016FINNISH METEOROLOGICAL INSTITUTE Snow 1(2) Profile correction for 500 m PsCAPPI

23. 05/03/2016FINNISH METEOROLOGICAL INSTITUTE 1(2) RainProfile correction

24. 05/03/2016FINNISH METEOROLOGICAL INSTITUTE 1(2) Bright band at groundProfile correction

25. 05/03/2016FINNISH METEOROLOGICAL INSTITUTE 1(2) Climatological profileProfile correction

26. 05/03/2016FINNISH METEOROLOGICAL INSTITUTE 1(2) Time averaging of the single radar VPR correction

27. 05/03/2016FINNISH METEOROLOGICAL INSTITUTE 1(2) VPR correction in the network

28. 05/03/2016FINNISH METEOROLOGICAL INSTITUTE 1(2) 24 h accumulated precipitation Nov 7, 2002, 14 UTC No VPR correctionWith VPR correction

29. 05/03/2016FINNISH METEOROLOGICAL INSTITUTE 1(2) 24 h accumulated precipitation Nov 8, 2002, 23 UTC No VPR correction

30. 05/03/2016FINNISH METEOROLOGICAL INSTITUTE 1(2) 24 h accumulated precipitation Dec 21, 2002, 21 UTC No VPR correction VPR correction

31. 05/03/2016FINNISH METEOROLOGICAL INSTITUTE 1(2) Yearly average VPR correction

32. 05/03/2016FINNISH METEOROLOGICAL INSTITUTE 1(2) Validation of the VPR correction 1. With rain gauges 2. With overlapping radars

33. 05/03/2016FINNISH METEOROLOGICAL INSTITUTE 1(2)

34. 05/03/2016FINNISH METEOROLOGICAL INSTITUTE Validation of VAN VPR correction with ANJ data (distances 130-150 km) ·Only precipitation cases included (dBZ>10 and ANJ profile classified as precipitation). ·Length of validation period 13 months (other radar pairs 2 months, not shown). ·Blue: non-corrected ANJ-VAN (dB) ·Red: VPR correction performed for VAN data, ANJ-(VAN+correction), (dB). Correction applies both measured and climatological VPR at VAN. ·Black: VPR correction performed for VAN data applying only climatological profiles.

35. 05/03/2016FINNISH METEOROLOGICAL INSTITUTE

36. 05/03/2016FINNISH METEOROLOGICAL INSTITUTE

37. 05/03/2016FINNISH METEOROLOGICAL INSTITUTE

38. 05/03/2016FINNISH METEOROLOGICAL INSTITUTE Future development of the VPR correction · Diagnosis and rejection of OP prior to the VPR correction WP 7.2). · Improved climatological profile (now overcorrecting). · Use of freezing level height from HIRLAM model and simulated VPR (at least comparison of measured and NWP profiles). · More validation, also with gauges. · Fully operational in all FMI products in 2003 even without OP-correction (End User requirement).

39. 05/03/2016FINNISH METEOROLOGICAL INSTITUTE Dissemination of the results ·Operational FMI products, feedback from End Users and other customers ·CARPE DIEM and related EU-projects ·Textbook (eds. Meischner et al.) ·Peer reviewed papers ·AMS Radar Conference ·3rd GPM Workshop ·ERAD 2004 ·BALTEX/CEOP, NORDRAD, OPERA

40. 05/03/2016FINNISH METEOROLOGICAL INSTITUTE 1(2) Monthly classified VPR´s from Mar 2001 to Feb 2002

41. 05/03/2016FINNISH METEOROLOGICAL INSTITUTE 1(2) Precipitation top height March 2001 (snow)

42. 05/03/2016FINNISH METEOROLOGICAL INSTITUTE 1(2) Precipitation top height July 2001 (rain)

43. 05/03/2016FINNISH METEOROLOGICAL INSTITUTE 1(2) Bright band height Mar 2001 – Feb 2002

44. 05/03/2016FINNISH METEOROLOGICAL INSTITUTE 1(2) Bright band amplitude Mar 2001 – Feb 2002

45. 05/03/2016FINNISH METEOROLOGICAL INSTITUTE 1(2) Snow and clutterProfile correction

46. 05/03/2016FINNISH METEOROLOGICAL INSTITUTE 1(2) RainProfile correction

47. 05/03/2016FINNISH METEOROLOGICAL INSTITUTE 1(2) RainProfile correction

48. 05/03/2016FINNISH METEOROLOGICAL INSTITUTE 1(2) RainProfile correction (no cutter)

49. 05/03/2016FINNISH METEOROLOGICAL INSTITUTE 1(2) Profile correction (no extrapol.) Bright band at ground

50. 05/03/2016FINNISH METEOROLOGICAL INSTITUTE 1(2) Magnitude of the VPR correction at various ranges March 2001 – February 2002