1. James Burgoyne, Michael Coe, John Thacker, Jack Rehm

2.  Mathematical thinker, believed in self evident truths  4 Precepts of Logic  Accept nothing as true that is not recognizably so  Divide and conquer  Deduce implications from truths  Keep records in logical

3.  Intuition  Methodical Doubt  “Cogito Ergo Sum”  Mind over Matter  Believed in God

4.  Maxims for the practical world:  Moderation  Stick to your guns  Nothing is within our power but our thoughts  Choose work best suited to you

5.  Believed people should study the scripture  Cognitive emotion  Infinite substance: God/Nature  Substance: Early Existentialist Ideas

6.  Adequate/Inadequate Ideas  3 Knowledge Types:  Abstract, random  Common knowledge  Intuition

7.  Pragmatic view of good/evil  Single authority  Religious Toleration  Issues with the social contract  “Peace and Security of Life”

8.  He had a very materialistic view of the universe  Suggested all human behavior was determined by heredity  Close friend of Rousseau  Best known for serving as co-founder, chief editor of, and contributor to the Encyclopédie

9.  Father of Capitalism  The Wealth of Nations and The Theory of Moral Sentiments  The invisible hand  Smith's belief that when an individual pursues his self- interest, he indirectly promotes the good of society

10. By preferring the support of domestic to that of foreign industry, he intends only his own security; and by directing that industry in such a manner as its produce may be of the greatest value, he intends only his own gain, and he is in this, as in many other eases, led by an invisible hand to promote an end which was no part of his intention... By pursuing his own interest he frequently promotes that of the society more effectually than when he really intends to promote it. I have never known much good done by those who affected to trade for the public good. Excerpt from Adam Smith’s “The Wealth of Nations”

11.  Born May 7 th  Died August 25 th  Scottish  A treatise of Human Nature

12.  Empiricism  Induction  Skepticism  Hobbesian  Price-specie Flow  Private Property

13.  1738-1794  Italian  Crimes and Punishments

14.  Against Death Penalty  Against Torture  Rationalism in Law Enforcement

15.  Men are born evil  Deist  One singular leader  Aphorisms  Civil rights, freedom of religion

16.  Separation of powers  All events are driven by a principal movement  Democracy  Divided the power of the monarchy

17.  Morality  Society corrupts man  Man has changed over time "Man was born free, and he is everywhere in chains. Those who think themselves the masters of others are indeed greater slaves than they."