1. Transition to Parenthood Revchuk N.

2. Transition Passage or process occurring over time involving development, flow, or movement from one state, condition, or place to another. Changes in: Identities Roles Relationships Abilities Patterns of behavior

3. Six conditions influence the transition experience Meanings Expectations Level of knowledge Environment Level of planning Emotional and physical well- being

4. Indicators of healthy transition outcomes includes the following Subjective well-being Role mastery Well-being of interpersonal relationships

5. Parenting Is a process of role attainment and role transition that begins during pregnancy. The transition end when the parent develops a sense of comfort and confidence in performing the parental role The parenting process requires cognitive and affective skills and knowledge as well as motor skills.

6. Affective Components Attachment Bonding Proximity Reciprocity Commitment

7. Antecedents (prerequisites) for attachment Awareness of previous attachment Physical and psychological availability Acceptance of the pregnancy and the baby Making mutual acquaintance with the baby

8. Consequences Consolidation of parenting skills Grows and development of the baby Establishment of a durable bond

9. Process of attachment pregnancy Early postpartum p. Continue postpartum p. established

10. Favorable precondition for attachment A parent’s emotional health A social support system encompassing mate, friends, and family A competent level of communication and care-giving skills Parental proximity to the infant Parent-infant fit

11. Attachment includes: Mutuality Acquaintance Claiming process

12. Assessment of attachment behavior N ursing C hild A ssessment F eeding S cale 76 behavioral items: 50 items describe the parent’s behavior 26 items focus on child’s behavior

13. Parent – infant contact Early contact Extended contact Labor-delivery-recovery rooms Labor-delivery-recovery- postpartum rooms Single-room maternity care

14. Communication between parent and infant Touch Eye-to-eye contact Voice Odor Entrainment Biorhythmicity Reciprocity and Synchrony

15. Maternal Adjustment Depended phase Depended-Independent phase Postpartum “Blues” Interdependent Phases

16. Paternal Adjustment Expectation Reality Transition to mastery

17. Infant-Parent Adjustment Modulation of rhythm Modification of behavioral repertoires Mutual responsivity

18. Factors influencing parental responses Age Social support Culture Socoieconomic condition Personal aspiration Visually impaired parent Hearing impaired parent

19. Sibling Adaptation Grandparent Adaptation

20. Thank You!