1. Chapter 22 Alcohol Lesson Two Harmful Effects of Alcohol Use Pgs 568-573

2. Short-Term Effects of Drinking Short-term effects vary for each individual based on: Short-term effects vary for each individual based on: 1. Body size and gender (smaller people affected quicker) 1. Body size and gender (smaller people affected quicker) 2. Food in stomach 2. Food in stomach 3. Amount and rate of intake (when you drink more than liver can tolerate you become intoxicated) 3. Amount and rate of intake (when you drink more than liver can tolerate you become intoxicated)

3. Nervous System Effects The brain is less able to control the body. Movement, speech, and vision are affected. The brain is less able to control the body. Movement, speech, and vision are affected. Thought processes are disorganized and memory/concentration or dulled Thought processes are disorganized and memory/concentration or dulled Judgment is altered and coordination is impaired Judgment is altered and coordination is impaired

4. Cardiovascular System Effects With low alcohol intakes there is an increase in heart rate and blood pressure. Higher intakes decrease heart rate and blood pressure. Heart rhythm becomes irregular. With low alcohol intakes there is an increase in heart rate and blood pressure. Higher intakes decrease heart rate and blood pressure. Heart rhythm becomes irregular. Alcohol causes the blood vessels to expand, allowing body heat to escape and body temperature to drop Alcohol causes the blood vessels to expand, allowing body heat to escape and body temperature to drop

5. Digestive System Effects Stomach acid increases which may result in nausea and vomiting Stomach acid increases which may result in nausea and vomiting The liver can be inflammed and scarred from the toxic chemical released to metabolize the alcohol The liver can be inflammed and scarred from the toxic chemical released to metabolize the alcohol The kidneys increase urine output, which leads to dehydration The kidneys increase urine output, which leads to dehydration

6. Respiratory System Effects Carbon dioxide formed by the liver is released through the lung Carbon dioxide formed by the liver is released through the lung Breathing may become slow, irregular, or stop Breathing may become slow, irregular, or stop

7. Alcohol in Males vs. Females Females have more body fat and less water than males so alcohol has a stronger and longer lasting effect Females have more body fat and less water than males so alcohol has a stronger and longer lasting effect The enzyme that controls alcohol processing is more effective in males The enzyme that controls alcohol processing is more effective in males

8. Alcohol and Drug Interactions Your metabolism is the process by which the body breaks down substances Your metabolism is the process by which the body breaks down substances The presence of both alcohol and drugs/medicines can be very dangerous The presence of both alcohol and drugs/medicines can be very dangerous Interactions between the two can lead to injury, illness, or death Interactions between the two can lead to injury, illness, or death

9. Alcohol and Drug Interactions Alcohol combined with other drugs can result in a multiplier effect, in which the medication has a greater or different effect than if it were taken alone Alcohol combined with other drugs can result in a multiplier effect, in which the medication has a greater or different effect than if it were taken alone Even aspirin can alter the way alcohol affects the body Even aspirin can alter the way alcohol affects the body

10. Typical Alcohol-Drug Interactions Alcohol may slow down the drug’s absorption into the body, which increases the length of time either are in the body. Alcohol may slow down the drug’s absorption into the body, which increases the length of time either are in the body.

11. Driving Under the Influence Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC) is the amount of alcohol in a person’s blood expressed as a percentage Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC) is the amount of alcohol in a person’s blood expressed as a percentage A BAC of.08 in California is considered legally drunk A BAC of.08 in California is considered legally drunk Driving drunk is unsafe because alcohol slows reflexes, reduces the ability to judge speed and distance, increases risk-taking behaviors, and reduces concentration Driving drunk is unsafe because alcohol slows reflexes, reduces the ability to judge speed and distance, increases risk-taking behaviors, and reduces concentration

12. Binge Drinking Binge drinking is defined as drinking five or more alcoholic drinks at one sitting. Binge drinking is defined as drinking five or more alcoholic drinks at one sitting. Rapid binge drinking is especially dangerous because it is possible to consume a fatal dose of alcohol. Rapid binge drinking is especially dangerous because it is possible to consume a fatal dose of alcohol.

13. Alcohol Poisoning Alcohol poisoning is a severe and potentially fatal reaction to an alcohol overdose. Alcohol poisoning is a severe and potentially fatal reaction to an alcohol overdose. A person can choke or be asphyxiated by his own vomit. A person can choke or be asphyxiated by his own vomit. Alcohol continues to enter the bloodstream and can cause stupor, coma, vomiting, seizures, slow respiration, irregular heartbeat, or hypothermia. Alcohol continues to enter the bloodstream and can cause stupor, coma, vomiting, seizures, slow respiration, irregular heartbeat, or hypothermia.