1. Selective Breeding

5. GEL ELECTROPHORESIS AKA: DNA FINGERPRINTING

6.  DNA extraction removes fragments of DNA by cutting it in a precise location with a restriction enzyme.  Each enzyme fits only one DNA sequence of nitrogen bases.  The sequences are then separated by gel electrophresis.

7.  DNA is placed in a gel block and connected to a power source causing negatively charged particles to move downward to the positive end like a magnet. _ +

9.  Smaller particles move faster creating a pattern or the blocks.  Each pattern is unique to each different individual, thus the DNA fingerprint.  This is used to determine criminal suspects and family relationships.  Gel electrophoresis is also used to make recombinant DNA.

10.  StudOffspring #1Offspring #2

13.  Recombinant DNA is used to insert into a different organism causing transformation.  Transformation is used to create medicines such as weakened antibiotics and insulin out of bacterial plasmids (circular DNA in bacteria turned good).

14.  Plasmids get cut and new DNA is inserted  Creating good medical bacterial with recombinant DNA.

16. CLONING

18.  A body cell is taken from a donor animal A,  An egg cell is taken from a donor animal B,  The nucleus and dna is removed from the egg,  The body cell and egg cell are fused by electric shock.  The fused cell begins dividing by mitosis, becoming the embryo,  The embryo is implanted into the uterus of the foster or surrogate mom animal C,  The embryo develops into a cloned animal identical to the body cell donor.