1. The line of force or Field line direction is the path a small positive test charge would follow if free to move Electric field patterns An electric field pattern can be produced by using semolina grains sprinkled on oil between + & - high voltage metal conductors

2. The line of force or Field line direction is the path a small positive test charge would follow if free to move Electric field patterns + An electric field pattern can be produced by using semolina grains sprinkled on oil between + & - high voltage metal conductors

3. The line of force or Field line direction is the path a small positive test charge would follow if free to move Electric field patterns + + An electric field pattern can be produced by using semolina grains sprinkled on oil between + & - high voltage metal conductors 90 o

4. The line of force or Field line direction is the path a small positive test charge would follow if free to move Electric field patterns + + + An electric field pattern can be produced by using semolina grains sprinkled on oil between + & - high voltage metal conductors 90 o

6. Same charges repel, different charges attract Two types of charge + - + - - +

7. Same charges repel, different charges attract

8. How rubbing can produce static electricity At the start each material has no overall charge. Friction rubs electrons off the cloth onto the surface atoms of polythene. The polythene gains electrons and becomes negatively charged. The cloth loses electrons and becomes equally positively charged. However, acetate becomes positively charged

9. However, acetate becomes positively charged Insulators do not have any delocalised electrons, They are all firmly attached to individual atoms

10. What force keeps the electrons inside the atom?

15. ‘positive charges’ Region of excess Delocalised electrons

16. Electrons in the metal object are repelled by the negatively charged rod Because ‘like charges repel” ‘positive charges’ Region of excess Delocalised electrons

17. Electrons in the metal object are repelled by the negatively charged rod Because ‘like charges repel” If the rod touches the conductor electrons flow off the rod and onto the conductor leaving both objects negatively charged ‘positive charges’ Region of excess Delocalised electrons

18. ELECTRICAL DISCHARGE A charged conductor can be discharged by connecting it to earth. + -

19. If the voltage is high enough the air molecules will ionise and a spark discharge occurs. - Ionisation is the ability to remove electrons from atoms leaving a trail of positive ions. Electrical potential energy or potential difference between the conductor and the ground

22. slowly and safely ( thick copper strip )

25. An experiment to show that current is a moving charge micro ammeter Carbon coated ball on nylon thread Van der Graff generator

26. An experiment to show that current is a moving charge Carbon coated ball on nylon thread + + _ _ _ _ The negative charges on the metal plate attract the ball

27. An experiment to show that current is a moving charge Carbon coated ball on nylon thread + + _ _ _ _ The negative charges on the metal plate attract the ball _ _ _ _ The ball receives negative charge and is repelled away carrying the charges across to the other plate

28. An experiment to show that current is a moving charge The faster the charges are carried across from one plate to the other the greater the current flows: Charge = Current X Time Q = I X T Coulombs Ampsseconds For AS PHYSICS we said:

29. Charge = Current X Time Q = I X T Coulombs Ampsseconds Example: Calculate the amount of charge flowing passed a point in a wire carrying a current of 5 Amps in 10 minutes.

30. Charge = Current X Time Q = I X T Coulombs Ampsseconds Example: Calculate the amount of charge flowing passed a point in a wire carrying a current of 5 Amps in 10 minutes. Q = I X T Q = 5 x 10 x 60 Q = 3000 Coulombs of charge

31. The faster the charges are carried across from one plate to the other the greater the current flows: Current flowing depends on : * Charge on the ball * Frequency of transfer So: I = Q f =Charge Q Time of one cycle

32. The faster the charges are carried across from one plate to the other the greater the current flows: Current flowing depends on : * Charge on the ball * Frequency of transfer So: I = Q f =Charge Q Time of one cycle QUESTIONQUESTION

33. The faster the charges are carried across from one plate to the other the greater the current flows: Current flowing depends on : * Charge on the ball * Frequency of transfer So: I = Q f =Charge Q Time of one cycle QUESTIONQUESTION

34. The faster the charges are carried across from one plate to the other the greater the current flows: Current flowing depends on : * Charge on the ball * Frequency of transfer So: I = Q f =Charge Q Time of one cycle QUESTIONQUESTION

35. The faster the charges are carried across from one plate to the other the greater the current flows: Current flowing depends on : * Charge on the ball * Frequency of transfer So: I = Q f =Charge Q Time of one cycle QUESTIONQUESTION

36. The faster the charges are carried across from one plate to the other the greater the current flows: Current flowing depends on : * Charge on the ball * Frequency of transfer So: I = Q f =Charge Q Time of one cycle QUESTIONQUESTION

37. Chips and Charge Electrons are attracted onto the chips pins via ‘earthed’ fingers If the ‘earth’ is removed the chips remain (oppositely )charged – by induction ! Tiny circuits get damaged

38. The line of force or Field line direction is the path a small positive test charge would follow if free to move Electric field patterns The electric field pattern can be produced by using semolina grains sprinkled on oil between + & - high voltage metal conductors + + + 90 o