1. Egypt

2. Geography O Nile River and Delta O Annual flooding O Lower Kingdom O Delta region O Upper Kingdom O Most of the Nile Valley from the 1 st cataract

3. Old Kingdom O Pyramids as burial monuments O Memphis was capital O Theocracy & Bureacracy O Ended by internal rivalries O Local nobles gained power O -fragmented

4. Middle Kingdom O Thebes O Upper Egypt had more power O Trade with neighbors O Land and sea O Frontier forts O Protected trade routes O Ended by invasion O Hyksos

5. New Kingdom O 1 st permanent army O Isolation no longer protection O Female Pharaoh O Monotheism – Atun O Ended by invasion O Persian, Greeks, Kush, Assyrians

6. Egyptian Religion O Re (Amon-Re) sun O Anubis - dead O Osiris – King of Gods O Isis – nature & women O Horus – sky O Hathor - love O Thoth - wisdom

7. Burial O Mummification indicates a belief in an afterlife O A decomposed body meant permanent death O Death masks so the spirit would recognize the body

8. Innovations O Engineering O Cities O Temples O pyramids O Writing O hieroglyphics