1. Respiration

2. Cellular Respiration General Formula O 2 + C 6 H 12 O 6  CO 2 + H 2 O + ATP Chemical Energy in the form of Glucose is converted into chemical energy in the form of ATP

3. Glycolysis In the cell cytoplasm a single glucose molecule (6 C) is converted into two pyruvates (3 C) This step produces 2 ATP molecules NADH created is also used to make 4 ATP

4. The Mitochondrion The mitochondrion contains an outer membrane and an inner membrane called the cristae The reactions in Cellular Respiration occur in relation to the cristae membrane and associated compartments

5. Preparatory Steps for the Kreb’s Cycle Once inside the mitochondrion inner compartment, pyruvate is broken into Acetyl- CoA (2 C) and CO 2 The Acetyl-CoA enters the Kreb’s Cycle while the carbon dioxide is a waste product

6. The Kreb’s Cycle The Acetyl-CoA bonds with oxaloacetate (4 C) temporarily forming citrate (6 carbon intermediate) Citrate is reconverted into oxaloacetate In the process, NADH and FADH 2 energy intermediates are created CO2 is given off and 2 ATP are created

7. Electron Transport NADH and FADH 2 donate electrons to the electron transport proteins in the cristae membrane While being transported, hydrogen ions (H+) are moved from the inner to the outer compartment

8. Water Production Oxygen that enters the cell is used to bond highly reactive electrons (e-) left at the end of electron transport, as well as hydrogen ions (H+) The resulting product is water

9. ATP Formation The hydrogen ions (H+) built up outside the cristae membrane travel to the inner compartment through ATP synthase proteins making 28 ATP from ADP and P