2. Regents Biology 2006-2007

3. Regents Biology 2006-2007 Photosynthesis: Life from Light and Air

4. Regents Biology

6. Plants are energy producers  Like animals, plants need energy to live  unlike animals, plants don’t need to eat food to make that energy  Plants make both FOOD & ENERGY  animals are consumers  plants are producers

7. Regents Biology How do plants make energy & food?  Plants use the energy from the sun  to make ATP energy  to make sugars  glucose, sucrose, cellulose, starch, & more sun ATP sugars

8. Regents Biology Breaking Down Food For Energy Autotrophs are organisms that use energy from sunlight or from chemical bonds in inorganic substances to make organic compounds. Heterotrophs are organisms that must consume other organisms as food to get their energy.

9. Regents Biology H2OH2O Building plants from sunlight & air  Photosynthesis  2 separate processes  ENERGY building reactions  collect sun energy  use it to make ATP  SUGAR building reactions  take the ATP energy  collect CO 2 from air & H 2 O from ground  use all to build sugars ATP sun sugars + carbon dioxide CO 2 sugars C 6 H 12 O 6 CO 2 water H 2 O +

10. Regents Biology Using light & air to grow plants 6CO 2 6H 2 O C 6 H 12 O 6 6O 2 sun energy  +++  glucose + oxygen carbon dioxide sun energy + water + (ATP) = used to build the sugar  Photosynthesis  using sun’s energy to make ATP  using CO 2 & water to make sugar  in chloroplasts  allows plants to grow  makes a waste product  oxygen (O 2 )

11. Regents Biology What do plants need to grow?  The “factory” for making energy & sugars  chloroplast  Fuels  sunlight  carbon dioxide  water  The Helpers  enzymes H2OH2O sugars ATP Make ATP! Make sugar! I can do it all… And no one even notices! enzymes CO 2 sun

12. Regents Biology H2OH2O Photosynthesis ENERGY building reactions SUGAR building reactions ATP ADP CO 2 sugar sun used immediately to synthesize sugars

13. Regents Biology Chloroplasts are only in plants animal cells plant cells

14. Regents Biology Chloroplasts Chloroplasts in cell Leaf Leaves Chloroplast absorb sunlight & CO 2 make ENERGY & SUGAR Chloroplasts contain Chlorophyll CO 2 Chloroplast sun

15. Regents Biology  Bring In  light  CO 2 H2OH2O  Let Out O2O2  Move Around  sugars So what does a plant need? 6CO 2 6H 2 O C 6 H 12 O 6 6O 2 light energy  +++ roots shoot leaves

16. Regents Biology Leaf Structure phloem (sugar) xylem (water) stomata palisades layer spongy layer cuticle epidermis guard cells cuticle epidermis vascular bundle (vein)

17. Regents Biology Transpiration H2OH2OCO 2 O2O2 H2OH2O xylem (water) stomata guard cells O2O2  CO 2 in  O 2 out  water out  so it gets to leaves from roots

18. Regents Biology Transpiration  Water evaporates from the stomata in the leaves  pulls water up from roots  water molecules stick to each other  more water is pulled up tree from ground

19. Regents Biology Function of Leaf Structures  Cuticle  waxy coating reduces water loss  Epidermis  skin protecting leaf tissues  Palisades layer  high concentration of chloroplasts  collecting sun’s energy  photosynthesis  making ATP & sugars  Spongy layer  air spaces  gas exchange  CO 2 in for sugar production, remove waste O 2

20. Regents Biology Stomates & Guard Cells  Function of stomata  CO 2 in  O 2 out  H 2 O out  gets to leaves for photosynthesis  Function of guard cells  open & close stomata guard cell stomata

21. Regents Biology Guard cells & Homeostasis  Homeostasis  keeping the internal environment of the plant balanced  Stomata open  let CO 2 in  needed to make sugars  let H 2 O out  needed for photosynthesis  let O 2 out  get rid of waste product  Stomata close  if too much H 2 O evaporating

22. Regents Biology Xylem carry water up from roots

23. Regents Biology Phloem: food-conducting cells  carry sugars around the plant wherever they are needed new leaves fruit & seeds roots

24. Regents Biology How are they connected? glucose + oxygen  carbon + water + energy dioxide C 6 H 12 O 6 6O 2 6CO 2 6H 2 OATP  +++ Respiration Photosynthesis 6CO 2 6H 2 O C 6 H 12 O 6 6O 2 light energy  +++  glucose + oxygen carbon dioxide sun energy + water +

25. Regents Biology H2OH2O Energy cycle Photosynthesis Cellular Respiration sun The Great Circle of Life! glucose sugars O2O2 CO 2 plants animals, plants ATP

26. Regents Biology H2OH2O Another view… Photosynthesis Cellular Respiration sun organic molecules food O2O2 CO 2 producers, autotrophs consumers, heterotrophs synthesis capture light energy digestion release chemical energy ATP waste

27. Regents Biology Another perspective  All of the solid material of every plant was built out of thin air  All of the solid material of every animal was built from plant material Then all the cats, dogs, mice, people & elephants… are really strands of air woven together by sunlight! sun air

28. Regents Biology