1. PREPARED BY; MUHAMMED DO Ğ AN MURAT GÜÇLÜ BIOLOGY PRESENTATION

2. THE TOPIC: VITAMINS & MINERALS

3. VITAMINS Organic Used for growth and maintenance Do not do anything by themselves “COFACTORS” Not a source of calories

4. VITAMINS

5. Divided into 2 groups: Fat Soluble Vitamins: “A, D, E, and K Vitamins” Water Soluble Vitamins: “B ( there are several different B vitamins) and C Vitamins”

6. FAT SOLUBLE VITAMINS can be stored in the body for a long time.

7. VITAMIN A  FUNCTIONS: It helps our eyes adjust to light changes. It is very important in bone development. It has a very important role in tooth development, cell division, and reproduction.

8. VITAMIN A  FOOD SOURCE: The vitamin A is mostly found in fish, liver, dairy products. At the same time, it is found in most fruits and vegetables.

9. VITAMIN D  FUNCTIONS: It is very important for our body’s use of Ca and P. It helps to form tooth and bones. Also, it is important for body metabolism.  FOOD SOURCE: It is mostly found in milk and dairy products.

10. VITAMIN E  FUNCTIONS: It protects the vitamins A and C, red blood cells, and fatty acids from being destroyed.  FOOD SOURCE: The food sources of vitamin E are vegetables, fruits, nuts and seeds mostly.

11. VITAMIN K  FUNCTIONS: It is produced naturally by human body. It is very important for body clotting.  FOOD SOURCE: Broccoli, spinach, cabbage, olive oil and soybean oil are very rich in vitamin K.

12. WATER SOLUBLE VITAMINS Water soluble vitamins,which are very highly soluble in human body, require daily replenishment in a human body. They are divided into 2 groups which are vitamin B and vitamin C.

13. VITAMIN B There are 8 different forms of vitamin B. Those are; Thiamin (B1) Riboflavin (B2) Vitamin B6 Vitamin B12 Folate Biotin Niacin Pantothenic Acid.

14. FUNCTIONS Vitamin B is very important for healthy skin and good vision. Also, it is very important to have a healthy nervous system and red blood cell. Grain products and vitamin supplements are very rich in Vitamin B.

15. VITAMIN C It helps us to hold our body cells together. It is very important for tooth and bone bone development. It improves iron absorption. Oranges, kiwis and some fruits are good source of Vitamin C.

16. MINERALS They are mainly important for; Absorption Bioavailability

17. In a human body; Calcium2% Phosphorus1% Potassium0.3% Sulfur0.2% Sodium0.1% Chloride0.1% Magnesium0.05% Iron 0.04%

18. CALCIUM 99% is structural 25% absorption Vitamin D aids absorption 75% is obtained from dairy products Many products are fortified with it Built in youth, lost in maturity Very hard for vegans to get enough calcium

19. PHOSPHORUS Easily absorbed by the body Enhanced by Vitamin D Soda, phosphoric acid

20. Potassium A primary electrolyte in blood Associated with lower blood pressure Athletes

21. IRON Most common and easily preventable deficiency Needed for oxygen absorption, immune function, developmental performance Poor absorption from plant sources Low iron causes anemia, especially in menstruating women

22. SYMPTOMS OF DEFICIENCY

23. VITAMINSSYMPTOMS OF DEFICIENCY FAT – SOLUBLE VITAMIN A (RETINOL) Poor night vision. VITAMIN D (CALCIFEROL)Rickets – bones are soft and may bend, because vit. D is needed for the absorbtion of calcium. WATER – SOLUBLE VITAMIN B (SEVERAL KIND OF B VITAMINS) Respiration is affected so energy supplies are reduced e.g. Beri – beri (an African word meaning “I cannot”) Causes muscle weakness and paralysis. VITAMIN C (ABSORBIC ACID) Scury – production of fibres in the body is affected.

24. MINERALSSYMPTOMS OF DEFICIENCY IRON Anemia – iron is needed to produce haemoglobin for red blood cells. A shortage causes weakness as oxygen needed for respiration cannot be transported efficiently. CALCIUM Several problems : Weak bones and teeth Poor clotting of blood Uncontrolled muscle contractions(“spams”).

26. REFERENCES http://www.pharmics.com/vitamins.htm http://www.health.gov.au/internet/healthyactive/publ ishing.nsf/content/vitamins-minerals http://www.health.gov.au/internet/healthyactive/publ ishing.nsf/content/vitamins-minerals http://puzzlemaker.discoveryeducation.com/CrissCro ssSetupForm.asp http://puzzlemaker.discoveryeducation.com/CrissCro ssSetupForm.asp

27. THE END…