1. Unit 1 Test Short Answer Retest

2. How does the Constitution reflect ideas and events surrounding its formation? What is this question asking?

3. Documents 1a. Magna Carta King John was forced to sign it in 1215. The Magna Carta laid out laws even the king had to follow. 1b. Where do we see this in the Constitution? Due Process (5 th and 14 th Amendment) Jury of Peers (6 th Amendment) Weights and Measurements (Article I – Congress) Rule of Law (Article II – President can be impeached) Separation of Powers and Checks and Balances

4. Documents 1a. English Bill of Rights 1689 People were considered subjects of the monarch and with this document, they became citizens with certain inalienable rights. 1b. Where do we see this in the Constitution? Freedom to Petition (Bill of Rights or Amendment 1) Right to Bear Arms (B of R or 2 nd Amendment) No excessive bail or cruel and unusual punishment (B or R or Amendment 8) Trial by jury (B of R or 6 th Amendment) Speech/Press (B of R or 1 st Amendment)

5. Documents 1a. Virginia Declaration of Rights 1776. It was the first state to include rights of their citizens in their constitution. 1b. Where do we see it in the Constitution? Speedy Trial (B or R or Amendment 6) Impartial Jury (B or R or Amendment 6) Self-incrimination (B of R or Amendment 5) Search and Seizure (B or R or Amendment 4) Press/Religion (B or R or Amendment 1)

6. Events 2a. Shays’ Rebellion Farmers returning home from the war facing foreclosures Tried to close down the Courts to save their land States asked the federal government for help, but the federal government could not intervene, according to the A of C. This made it obvious that changes were needed, a new constitution was needed 2b. Proof that it is in the Constitution Constitution outlines federal and state powers (federalism) No executive branch under AOC – Article II of the US Constitution clearly outlines executive branch

7. Events 2a. Constitutional Convention Representatives from the states met in Philadelphia to revise the AOC, but ultimately end up writing a new Constitution. 2b. Proof that we see it in the Constitution Great Compromise Bicameral Legislature House – proportional (based on population) Senate – equality Separation of Powers Executive, Legislative, and Judicial Branch

8. Philosophers 3a. Locke Enlightenment Philosopher that influenced both the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution 3b. Proof that he is in the Constitution Popular Sovereignty – We the people – Preamble Life, liberty and property – MUST ATTACH IT TO DUE PROCESS, OTHERWISE IT IS A D OF I CONCEPT

9. Philosophers 3a. Rousseau Enlightenment philosopher that strongly believed in equality and didn’t believe that majority should necessarily always rule. He also believed that government was derived from the people 3b. Proof that it is in the Constitution Popular Sovereignty – We the People -- Preamble

10. Philosophers 3a. Montesquieu Enlightenment philosopher that heavily influenced the original body of the Constitution 3b. Proof that it is in the Constitution Separation of Powers – Legislative, Judicial, and Executive Branches are clearly outlined\ Checks and balances - the president gets to veto bills

11. Philosophers 3a. Voltaire Voltaire was an Enlightenment thinker that heavily influenced the Bill of rights 3b. Proof that it is in the Constitution Freedom of speech and religion (Amendment 1 or B of R) No cruel and unusual punishment (Amendment 8 or B of R)