1. WEEK: SCHIZOPHRENIA

2. Schizophrenia  Schizophrenia is a chronic psychotic disorder characterized by disturbed behavior, thinking, emotions and perceptions  Acute episode of schizophrenia are characterized by delusions, hallucinations, illogical thinking, incoherent speech and bizarre behavior

3. Schizophrenia Major diagnostic features of schizophrenia; A. Two or more of the following must be present for a significant portion of time over the course of a 1-month period: - delusions - hallucinations - speech that is either incoherent or characterized by marked loosing associations - disorganized or catatonic behavior - negative features (e.g. flattened affect)

4. Schizophrenia C. Sign of the disorder have occurred continuously for a period of at least 6 month. This 6 month period must include an active phase lasting at least a month in which psychotic symptoms (listed in A) which are characteristic of schizophrenia occur.

5. Schizophrenia B. Functioning in such areas as social relations, work, or self-care during the course of the disorder is marked below the level achieved prior to the onset of the disorder. If the onset develops during childhood or adolescence, there is a failure to achieve the expected level of social development.

6. Schizophrenia D. The disorder cannot be attributed to the effects of a substance (e.g. substance abuse or prescribed medication) or to a general medical condition.

7. Schizophrenia Type of symptoms: 1. Positive symptoms - delusions - hallucinations - disturbed thinking and disorganized speech - agitation

8. Schizophrenia 2. Negative symptoms - reduction of normal functions - attentional deficiencies - lack of emotional expressions - loss of motivation - social withdrawal - alogia

9. Schizophrenia Subtypes of Schizophrenia: 1. Disorganized type 2. Catatonic type 3. Paranoid type

10. Schizophrenia 1. Disorganized type - Characterized by disorganized behavior, bizarre delusions and vivid hallucinations

11. Schizophrenia 2. Catatonic type - Characterized by gross disturbances in motor activity such a s catatonic stupor.

12. Schizophrenia 3. Paranoid type - Characterized by hallucinations and systemized delusions, commonly involving themes of persecution.

13. Schizophrenia Theoretical perspectives 1. Psychodynamic perspectives 2. Learning perspectives 3. Biological perspectives

14. Schizophrenia Treatment Approaches 1. Biological approaches - antipsychotic drugs (major tranquilizer) - e.g. Thorazine, Mellaril, Stelazine - help control the more flagrant behaviors patterns - contribute to deinstitutionalization

15. Schizophrenia 2. Learning based therapies - Selective reinforcement of behavior - Token economy - Social skill training

16. Schizophrenia 3. Psychosocial rehabilitation - The development of specific centers for people with schizophrenia.

17. Schizophrenia 4. Family intervention programs - Families need to be educated about the illness - Teaching them how to relate in a less hostile way to family members with schizophrenia - Improving communication - Fostering effective problem solving and coping skills