1. It’s Vocab Time!

2. Vocabulary Workshop, Level D Etymologies: Unit 12 Appreciable (adj.) sufficient to be noticed or measured

3. Vocabulary Workshop, Level D Etymologies: Unit 12 Appreciable – L.L. appretiatus pp. of appretiare "value, estimate," from ad- "to" + pretium "price”

4. Appreciable Mnemonic The amount of information students have learned is an appreciable quality that can be measured by grades.

5. Vocabulary Workshop, Level D Etymologies: Unit 12 Autocratic (adj.) absolute in power or authority

6. Vocabulary Workshop, Level D Etymologies: Unit 12 Autocratic – Fr. autocrate, from Gk. autokrates "ruling by oneself," from autos- "self" (comb. form) + kratia "rule," from kratos “strength, power”

7. Autocratic Mnemonic Some bosses are autocratic and do not appreciate input from their employees.

8. Vocabulary Workshop, Level D Etymologies: Unit 12 Blanch (v.) to remove the color from; to make or turn pale; to parboil

9. Vocabulary Workshop, Level D Etymologies: Unit 12 Blanch – O.Fr. blanchir "to whiten," from blanc "white." Originally "to remove the hull of (almonds, etc.) by soaking." Intrans. sense of "to turn white" is from 1768.

10. Blanch Mnemonic Her face blanched when she saw the ghost in her mirror.

11. Vocabulary Workshop, Level D Etymologies: Unit 12 Blasphemy (n.) an act, utterance, or writing showing contempt for something sacred.

12. Vocabulary Workshop, Level D Etymologies: Unit 12 Blasphemy – O.Fr. blasfemie, from L.L. blasphemia, from Gk. blasphemia "profane, speech, slander," from blasphemein "to speak evil of." Second element is pheme "utterance"; first element uncertain, perhaps related to blaptikos "hurtful," though blax "slack (in body and mind), stupid" has also been suggested.

13. Blasphemy Mnemonic I couldn’t believe the blasphemy that came out of the tiny four-year-old’s mouth!

14. Vocabulary Workshop, Level D Etymologies: Unit 12 Brawny (adj.) strong, muscular

15. Vocabulary Workshop, Level D Etymologies: Unit 12 Brawny – O.Fr. braon "fleshy or muscular part, buttock," from Frank. *brado "ham, roast," from P.Gmc. *bræd- (cf. O.H.G. brato "tender meat," Ger. Braten "roast," O.N. brað "raw meat," O.E. bræd "flesh"), from PIE *bhre- "burn, heat," from base *bureue- "to boil, bubble, effervesce, burn." The original sense is "piece of meat suitable for roasting." Brawny "characterized by muscle" is from 1599.

16. Brawny Mnemonic “Brawny” paper towels advertisements claim that it is the “big, tough towel” and that it is stronger than ever.

17. Don’t forget your words!

18. It’s Vocab Time!

19. Vocabulary Workshop, Level D Etymologies: Unit 12 Concerted (adj.) planned or performed in cooperation with others

20. Vocabulary Workshop, Level D Etymologies: Unit 12 Concerted –Fr., from It. concerto "concert, harmony," from concertare "bring into agreement," in L. "to contend, contest," from com- "with" + certare "to contend, strive," freq. of certus, var. pp. of cernere "separate, decide." Before the word entered Eng., meaning shifted from "to strive against" to “to strive alongside.”

21. Concerted Mnemonic Many clubs make a concerted effort to improve the community by volunteering.

22. Vocabulary Workshop, Level D Etymologies: Unit 12 Contend (v.) to fight, struggle; to compete; to argue

23. Vocabulary Workshop, Level D Etymologies: Unit 12 Contend – L. contendere "to stretch out, strive after," from com- intensive prefix + tendere "to stretch”

24. Contend Mnemonic Tammy had to contend for her boyfriend’s attention while he played his new video game.

25. Vocabulary Workshop, Level D Etymologies: Unit 12 Humane (adj.) kind, merciful

26. Vocabulary Workshop, Level D Etymologies: Unit 12 Humane – variant of human, used interchangeably with it until early 18c., when it began to be a distinct word with sense of "having qualities befitting human beings." Human from M.Fr. humain "of or belonging to man," from L. humanus, probably related to homo (gen. hominis) "man," and to humus "earth," on notion of "earthly beings," as opposed to the gods (cf. Heb. adam "man," from adamah "ground").

27. Humane Mnemonic The Humane Society is an excellent choice to purchase an animal because you are saving its life.

28. Vocabulary Workshop, Level D Etymologies: Unit 12 Illustrious (adj.) very famous, distinguished

29. Vocabulary Workshop, Level D Etymologies: Unit 12 Illustrious – L. illustris "bright, distinguished, famous," back- formation from illustrare "embellish, distinguish, make famous"

30. Illustrious Mnemonic Kelly Clarkson became illustrious because she won the first season of “American Idol.”

31. Vocabulary Workshop, Level D Etymologies: Unit 12 Intolerable (adj.) unbearable

32. Vocabulary Workshop, Level D Etymologies: Unit 12 Intolerable – L. intolerabilis "that cannot bear, that cannot be borne," from in- "not" + tolerabilis "that may be endured," from tolerare "to tolerate"

33. Intolerable Mnemonic I consider cell phone usage in my class utterly intolerable.

34. Don’t forget your words!

35. It’s Vocab Time!

36. Vocabulary Workshop, Level D Etymologies: Unit 12 Irreverent (adj.) disrespectful

37. Vocabulary Workshop, Level D Etymologies: Unit 12 Irreverent – L. irreverentia "want of reverence," from irreverens “disrespectful” from in- "not" + reverens, prp. of revereri "to stand in awe of”

38. Irreverent Mnemonic Some people believe that it is irreverent to protest the war.

39. Vocabulary Workshop, Level D Etymologies: Unit 12 Laborious (adj.) not easy, requiring hard work; hardworking

40. Vocabulary Workshop, Level D Etymologies: Unit 12 Laborious – O.Fr. laborieux (12c.), from L. laboriosus "toilsome, wearisome, troublesome,"

41. Laborious Mnemonic It is much better to be labeled a “laborious” employee than a lazy one.

42. Vocabulary Workshop, Level D Etymologies: Unit 12 Lithe (adj.) bending easily, limber

43. Vocabulary Workshop, Level D Etymologies: Unit 12 Lithe – O.E. liðe "soft, mild, gentle, meek," from P.Gmc. *linthijaz (cf. O.S. lithi, O.H.G. lindi, Ger. lind, O.N. linr, with characteristic loss of "n" before "th" in Eng.), from PIE base *lent- "flexible" (cf. L. lentus "flexible, pliant, slow"). In M.E., used of the weather.

44. Lithe Mnemonic Lithe ballerina’s are more successful than dancers who cannot stretch and bend as well.

45. Vocabulary Workshop, Level D Etymologies: Unit 12 Maltreat (v.) to abuse, use roughly or crudely

46. Vocabulary Workshop, Level D Etymologies: Unit 12 Maltreat – part translation of Fr. maltraiter, from M.Fr., from mal- + traiter “to treat poorly,” from O.Fr. traitier

47. Maltreat Mnemonic Homer Simpson often maltreats his son Bart.

48. Vocabulary Workshop, Level D Etymologies: Unit 12 Ponder (v.) to carefully, reflect on

49. Vocabulary Workshop, Level D Etymologies: Unit 12 Ponder – O.Fr. ponderare "to weigh, poise," from L. ponderare "to ponder, to consider," lit. "to weigh," from pondus (gen. ponderis) "weigh"

50. Ponder Mnemonic Teenagers should always ponder the consequences of drinking alcohol.

51. Don’t forget your words!

52. It’s Vocab Time!

53. Vocabulary Workshop, Level D Etymologies: Unit 12 Subversive (adj.) intended to undermine or overthrow (n.) one who advocates or attempts to undermine a political system

54. Vocabulary Workshop, Level D Etymologies: Unit 12 Subversive – O.Fr. subversion, from L.L. subversionem (nom. subversio) "an overthrow, ruin, destruction," from pp. stem of subvertere from M.Fr. subvertir, from L. subvertere, from sub "under" + vertere "to turn"

55. Subversive Mnemonic Some people believe that Al-Qaeda members are subversive.

56. Vocabulary Workshop, Level D Etymologies: Unit 12 Synthetic (adj.) made or put together by people (n.) something artificial

57. Vocabulary Workshop, Level D Etymologies: Unit 12 Synthetic – L. synthesis "collection, set, composition (of a medication)," from Gk. synthesis "composition," from syntithenai "put together, combine," from syn- "together" + tithenai "put, place," from PIE base *dhe- "to put, to do." Synthetic in the sense of "made artificially by chemical synthesis" is first recorded 1874.

58. Synthetic Mnemonic New York stated that her hair is synthetic on her VH-1 show, “I Love New York.”

59. Vocabulary Workshop, Level D Etymologies: Unit 12 Temperate (adj.) mild, moderate

60. Vocabulary Workshop, Level D Etymologies: Unit 12 Temperate – L. temperatus "restrained, regulated," from pp. of temperare “to moderate, regulate”

61. Temperate Mnemonic When out boating, it is safer to have temperate weather than inclement weather.

62. Vocabulary Workshop, Level D Etymologies: Unit 12 Venomous (adj.) poisonous; spiteful, mean

63. Vocabulary Workshop, Level D Etymologies: Unit 12 Venomous – Anglo-Fr. and O.Fr. venim, from V.L. *venimen, from L. venenum "poison, drug, potion," perhaps ultimately connected to venus "erotic love," in which case the original meaning might have been "love potion." The meaning "bitter, virulent feeling or language" is first recorded c.1300.

64. Venomous Mnemonic The Gila Monster is one of two known venomous lizards.

65. Vocabulary Workshop, Level D Etymologies: Unit 12 Wily (adj.) sly, shrewd, cunning

66. Vocabulary Workshop, Level D Etymologies: Unit 12 Wily – wil "wile, trick," perhaps from O.N.Fr. *wile (O.Fr. guile), or directly from a Scand. source (cf. O.N. vel "trick, craft, fraud," vela "defraud"). Perhaps ultimately related to O.E. wicca "wizard." Lighter sense of "amorous or playful trick" is from 1600. Wily is attested from c.1300.

67. Wily Mnemonic Wile E Coyote’s name is a pun because he is never wily enough to catch the roadrunner.

68. Don’t forget your words!