2. A. Element vs. Compound Element Cannot be chemically broken down into two different substances. - Atoms of all the same type Compound Combination of elements a. All sample of a compound have the same properties c. All areas of a compound are the same Both mixtures are different mixture is not the same all the way through Mixtures are not compounds! Na Cu NaCl CuSO 4 b. Atoms in a compound are in a simple ratio Compound vs. Mixture Different from mixtures because:

3. B. Nomenclature Naming compounds Any compound that can exist has a unique name Several different ways to name compounds Depends on what is in the compound. 1. Binary Compound Consists of 2 different elements Examples MgBr 2 LiO SrO AlI 3 NaF ZnS To name these, use the name of the first atom, remove “ine” from the second atom and add “IDE” Magnesium bromine Magnesium bromide Strontium oxygen Strontium oxide Sodium fluoride Lithium oxide Aluminum iodide Zinc sulfide exampleNaClsodiumchlorineNaClSodium chloride

4. 2. Ternary compoundsCompounds with 3 or more elements In all cases, the compound will contain at least one POLYATOMIC ION Polyatomic ion Group of atoms bonded together to obtain an overall charge Has special properties unlike the individual atoms Often acts as one atom Also known as a radical Found on Table E O | O - P - O | O -3 PO 4 -3 phosphate Name the following polyatomic ions SO 3 -2 OH - CO 3 -2 NH 4 + sulfitehydroxide carbonateammonium

5. b. Naming compounds with polyatomic ions Do not change any parts, take the name of each part of the compound Circle the polyatomic ion in each compound, then name the compound MgSO 4 NaSCN LiOHNH 4 OH CaCO 3 Li 2 SO 3 Al(OH) 3 Magnesium sulfate Lithium hydroxide Calcium carbonate Aluminum hydroxide Sodium thiocyanate Ammonium hydroxide Lithium sulfite Radicals bond IONICALLY with other ions

6. 3. Acids Formula starts with H and is mixed in water Will have (aq) written after it a. Binary Acids Only have H and one other element HCl (aq) HBr (aq) HF (aq) HI (aq) Named HYDRO______________ ic acid Check table K for common acids Hydrochloric acid Hydrofluoric acid Hydroiodic acid Hydrobromic acid

7. b. Ternary acid H + polyatomic ion 2 types i. If the radical ends in ATE, then the acid is named ____ ic acid ii. If the radical ends in ITE, then the acid is named ___ous acid H 3 PO 4(aq) H 2 SO 4(aq) HNO 3(aq) H 2 SO 3(aq) HClO 2(aq) HNO 2(aq) phosphate Phosphoric acid sulfate Sulfuric acid nitrate Nitric acid sulfite Sulfurous acid chlorite Chlorous acid nitrite Nitrous acid