1. KEY SUCCESS FACTORS for WATER REUSE PROJECTS Jacques LABRE Vice – President Relations with Institutions Suez Environnement jacques.labre@suez-env.com

2. 06/03/2016 SUCCESS FACTORS for WATER REUSE PROJECTS (Labre) 2 Sources for this presentation Outcome of a workshop held during the World Water Congress of International Water Association in Vienna (September 2008) “Water Reuse : How to make things happen” Experience of Suez Environnement companies (Degrémont, United Water …) in the implementation of water reuse projects globally ( Italy, Mexico, Qatar, California …)

3. 06/03/2016 SUCCESS FACTORS for WATER REUSE PROJECTS (Labre) 3 Issues about reuse of urban wastewater do vary according to regions « South » « North » Situation of reuseSpontaneous direct reuse in periurban agriculture Direct reuse is marginal « Indirect reuse » is the common situation Major objectivesImprove « traditional » practices so as to reduce health risks Reduce pressure on natural water bodies Protect public health Major obstaclesLack of infrastructure Lack of finance Social acceptance

4. 06/03/2016 SUCCESS FACTORS for WATER REUSE PROJECTS (Labre) 4 Indirect water reuse : common situation Source : T. Asano Irrigated farmland (indirect reuse) Irrigated farmland (direct reuse)

5. 06/03/2016 SUCCESS FACTORS for WATER REUSE PROJECTS (Labre) 5 Key messages from Vienna 1.Waste water reuse must be considered as part of an integrated water resources management policy in a given area Quality standards should be consistent for direct and indirect reuse Quality of reclaimed water must be customized to users’ needs 2.The appropriateness of the institutional framework is critical, since the success of a reuse project requires the support of many stakeholders groups social acceptance of urban reuse is a matter of trust between the citizens and water authorities 3.The cost of water reclamation must be shared between water users and taxpayers in a way that reflects the multiple benefits of the projects Direct water reuse (vs abstraction from natural bodies) will develop only if potential users have an incentive (or an obligation) to do so

6. 06/03/2016 SUCCESS FACTORS for WATER REUSE PROJECTS (Labre) 6 Reuse as part of Integrated Water Resource Management

7. 06/03/2016 SUCCESS FACTORS for WATER REUSE PROJECTS (Labre) 7 Catchment Management Water Reuse Surface Water Groundwater Water Trading Desalination Smarter use of Water Australian vision : the toolbox

8. 06/03/2016 SUCCESS FACTORS for WATER REUSE PROJECTS (Labre) 8 Reuse is the ultimate process of the waste water management chain Tunisia caseGlobal situation 368 km 3 /year wastewater collected 160 km 3 /year wastewater treated 7,1 km 3 /year (4,5%) reclaimed

9. 06/03/2016 SUCCESS FACTORS for WATER REUSE PROJECTS (Labre) 9 Need for a consistent approach between direct and indirect reuse : case of the Apulia region (Italy) 10.000 UCF/ml E. Coli 11 E. Coli

10. 06/03/2016 SUCCESS FACTORS for WATER REUSE PROJECTS (Labre) 10 Customization of reclaimed water : the case of West Basin municipal water district (USA) The plant provides additional treatment to 50 million m 3 /year of treated effluent from the City of Los Angeles Five different qualities of water are produced for diverse uses: Industrial MF, RO, Nitrified -Refineries -Boiler feedwater -Cooling tower water IrrigationTertiary -Landscape (golf courses, etc.) MunicipalTertiary -Street cleaning CommercialMF -Toilets & urinals Aquifer recharge (Seawater Barrier)RO

11. 06/03/2016 SUCCESS FACTORS for WATER REUSE PROJECTS (Labre) 11 West Basin Water Reuse Facility (Southern California)

12. 06/03/2016 SUCCESS FACTORS for WATER REUSE PROJECTS (Labre) 12 Stakeholder participation as a key driver for success

13. 06/03/2016 SUCCESS FACTORS for WATER REUSE PROJECTS (Labre) 13 Water reuse is less energy intensive than desal … Compared energy requirements

14. 06/03/2016 SUCCESS FACTORS for WATER REUSE PROJECTS (Labre) 14 … but reuse projects are more difficult to implement than desalination Desalination is the most straightforward option to produce additional freshwater Water reuse projects are politically complex -involve many stakeholders -health standards more stringent -perception problems, sensitivity to media campaigns Therefore a participative process is key Involvement of all stakeholders from the beginning (general public, health people, users of reclaimed water, environmental associations, etc …) Trust in the authority / operator delivering the reclaimed water Marketing approach with commercial clients for reclaimed water

15. 06/03/2016 SUCCESS FACTORS for WATER REUSE PROJECTS (Labre) 15 Equitable cost sharing

16. 06/03/2016 SUCCESS FACTORS for WATER REUSE PROJECTS (Labre) 16 Range of costs for water reuse (without distribution cost)

17. 06/03/2016 SUCCESS FACTORS for WATER REUSE PROJECTS (Labre) 17 Source :Institutional and economic framework of water reuse in Costa Brava – Dalmau & Sala Tariff policy of the public authority (Consorci de la Costa Brava) : reclaimed water may be Non-billable, when reclaimed water is used in the public interest ; expenses are covered by the Catalan Water Agency (77%). Examples Aquifer recharge for resource augmentation and for seawater intrusion control Environmental reuse in wetlands Irrigation for farmers who have had their resources reduced to favour the production of drinking water Billable, when there is a private end user (23%). Average price : 0.12 €/m 3.Examples: Golf courses Farmers, wineries Sharing cost of water reclamation between water users and taxpayers : case of the Costa Brava (Spain)

18. 06/03/2016 SUCCESS FACTORS for WATER REUSE PROJECTS (Labre) 18 Conclusion : key success factors A change of mentality: from “treating wastewater so it can be discharged” to “reclaiming it so it can be reused” A good balance between regulatory obligations and economic incentives precautions for health protection and promotion of a “recycling economy” sound technical project and smart communication