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Published byCharity Cox Modified over 9 years ago
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Ecological Succession: Change over Time Two Types of Succession Primary succession - An ecosystem starts from bare rock Secondary succession – Ecosystem is built from a previous ecosystem Starts with soil
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Important Terms Sere: A set of stages of changes in an ecosystem. A snapshot of ecosystem Pioneer organisms: First species that begin to populate a sere, typically r-strategists. Ex. Weeds, lichens Climax community: Populations of organisms living together in a sere where all species are in balance. Ex. A mature forest, many K- strategists
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Pioneer Species
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Primary Succession No soil in a terrestrial system No bottom sediment in an aquatic system Takes hundreds to thousands of years Need to build up soils/sediments to provide necessary nutrients
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Primary succession will occur after a volcanic eruption
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Primary succession occurs after a glacier retreats Image source: http://www.callipygia600.com/
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Primary succession occurs after a glacier retreats
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Time Balsam fir, paper birch, and white spruce forest community Jack pine, black spruce, and aspen Heath mat Small herbs and shrubs Lichens and mosses Exposed rocks Primary Ecological Succession
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Secondary Succession Begins with soil from previous ecosystem Ecosystem has been Disturbed, Removed, or Destroyed Abandoned farms Burned forests Deforestation A huge storm
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Annual weeds Mature oak and hickory forest Young pine forest with developing understory of oak and hickory trees Time Shrubs and small pine seedlings Perennial weeds and grasses Secondary Succession
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Yellowstone 1998 Forest Fire
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Secondary Succession in Yellowstone Following the 1998 Fire
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Conditions during succession Early Stages (Pioneer Communities) Gross Productivity = Low Few producers Net productivity = High No consumers doing respiration No taxes to take away!! Nutrients in soil Later Stages (Climax Community ) Nutrients in soil decrease Gross Productivity is High Many producers Net productivity = low Many consumers all doing respiration = a very large amount of taxes
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