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Properties of Seawater Oceanography Unit #2
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Water (& Hydrogen bonding) Molecules form hydrogen bonds w/ each other.
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H20H20H20H20
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Water (& Hydrogen bonding) Molecules form hydrogen bonds w/ each other. w/o hydrogen bonds, water freezes at -100° C. w/o hydrogen bonds, water boils at -80° C. High heat capacity. Absorbs great deal of heat when evaporates. Transparent. Red wavelengths absorb first, blue last.
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Absorption of Light
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Marine Temperatures
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Seawater temps vary between about -3° C and 30° C. < 0° C possible because saltwater freezes at colder temps. Ideal organismal temp is between 0°C and 30 °C. Temp ranges: 85°CThermal vents 40°CTropical lagoons 20°CSubtropical surface water 15°CTemperate surface water 5°CSub-polar surface water 0°CPolar surface water -3°CAntarctic bottom water
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Salinity Amount of “salt” dissolved in water. Includes inorganic salts, gases, and organics. Expressed in ppt (‰), parts per thousand. Ocean’s salinity ranges from 0‰ to 40‰.
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Major Dissoved Ions
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Salinity Amount of “salt” dissolved in water. Includes inorganic salts, gases, and organics. Expressed in ppt (‰), parts per thousand. Ocean’s salinity ranges from 0‰ to 40‰. Increase salinity by: Removing water during evaporation Removing water during freezing Decrease salinity by: Add water during precipitation Add water during thawing Add water by river runoff
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Seawater’s Density Pure fresh water has a density of 1.0 gm/cm 3 Increasing salinity increases density of water. Decreasing salinity decreases density of water. Temperature effects on water’s density: Water above 4°C, density increases with decreasing temp. Water below 4°C, density decreases with decreasing temp. Densest water is 4°C. Least dense water is 0°C (ICE.) WHY?
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Water Freezing
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Pressure Sea level pressure = 14.7 lbs/in 2. (atmospheric) Pressure under water increases w/ depth. Every 10 m (33 ft.), adds another atmosphere of pressure.
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Pressure
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