1. Dr. Hatem Elaydi Engineering Technical English Islamic University of Gaza Feb. 3, 2016 Unit 1: Technology in use

2. 1.b What do you know about the GPS (Global Positioning System) ? The Global Positioning System (GPS) is system that defines places and positions. (GPS) is a satellite-based navigation system made up of a network of 24 satellites placed into orbit by the U.S. Department of Defense. GPS was originally intended for military applications, but in the 1980s, the government made the system available for civilian use. GPS works in any weather conditions, anywhere in the world, 24 hours a day. Dr. Hatem Elaydi, Islamic University of Gaza, Spring 2016, Unit 1 2

3. Exercise 2 Homework: Listen to the conversation then do 2a & 2b. (For reading, go to page 6 – 8 section 1.1) Dr. Hatem Elaydi, Islamic University of Gaza, Spring 2016, Unit 1 3

4. Tech words 1 Technology (n): Tools, machines, information which make tasks easier to perform / improve our lives. Technological (adj) The technology has made our life better. (general) I saw a lecture on the technology of storytelling. (specific) Technophile (n): someone who loves technology Technophobe(n): someone afraid of technology Tech-savvy (Adj): knowing a lot about computers is tech-savvy

5. Tech words 2 …. Cutting edge (n- adj): lead, forefront State-of-the-art: most recent, best The latest (adj): newest Compact (adj): small Obsolete: no longer used. Outdated (adj): very old, obsolete Bulky (adj): massive, clumsy. User-friendly (adj): easy to use. Glitch (n): a defect, problem, error.

6. Activity 2 How do we pronounce these words: to use, use, useful, user, usage. Useful vocabulary: Write sentences that utilizes the following words: use, use for...ing, use to (application), user, useful for, enable to, allow to, prevent from, ensure that Dr. Hatem Elaydi, Islamic University of Gaza, Spring 2016, Unit 1 6

7. Exercise 3 Complete exercise 3. Surveying: recording the precise positions of natural features and structures, often in order to draw up maps or plans (a survey/a surveyor), Geological: related to the ground/rocks/soil (geology, a geologist), Civil engineering: the design and construction of large structures such as bridges, dams and skyscrapers, and infrastructure projects such as roads, railways and airports, Avionics: electronic systems in aviation i.e. in planes and helicopters, Maritime: related to the sea/shipping. Dr. Hatem Elaydi, Islamic University of Gaza, Spring 2016, Unit 1 7

8. The following vocabulary useful in this section attach, fix, connect, link, support, carry, drive, power, propel, control, lift, raise, ascend, transport Attach: fasten, fix, affix, join, connect. Fix: fasten (something) securely in a particular place or position, decide or settle on (a specific price, date, course of action, etc.). Support (v): bear all or part of the weight of; hold up, give assistance to, especially financially; (n) a thing that bears the weight of something or keeps it upright, material assistance. Carry: support and move (someone or something) from one place to another, support the weight of. Drive: support the weight of, support the weight of, to provide the power to make a machine operate. Dr. Hatem Elaydi, Islamic University of Gaza, Spring 2016, Unit 1 8

9. The following vocabulary useful in this section Connect (v): to ​ join or be ​ joined with something ​ else, to ​ consider or show a ​ person or thing to be ​ related to someone or something ​ else, to ​ feel ​ close to someone or have a good ​ relationship with them, to make it ​ possible for you to ​ speak to someone ​ else by ​ phone, If two ​ buses, ​ trains, etc. connect, they ​ arrive at ​ times that ​ allow ​ passengers to get off one and onto another. join joined else consider person related else feel close relationship possible speak else phone buses trains arrive times allow passengers Link: a ​ connection between two ​ people, things, or ​ ideas, a ​ connection between ​ documents on the internet, to make a ​ connection between two or more ​ people, things, or ​ ideas. connection people ideas connection documents connection people ideas

10. Dr. Hatem Elaydi, Islamic University of Gaza, Spring 2016, Unit 1 10

11. Complete the following extracts from the conversation by underlining the correct words. 1... there's a setting on the GPS that allows/prevents it to detect the movement... 2... an alarm sounds to warn you, and allows/prevents the boat from drifting unnoticed. 3... and enables/ensures that you don't lose track of where you were, which then enables/ensures you to turn round and come back to the same point... Dr. Hatem Elaydi, Islamic University of Gaza, Spring 2016, Unit 1 11

12. Match the words in Exercise 4a to the synonyms. ……: makes sure ……..: permits ………: stops Complete the following extract from the user's manual of a GPS device using the verbs in Exercise 4a. Sometimes, more than one answer is possible. The core function of your GPS receiver is to (1) ……… you to locate your precise geographical position. To (2) ………. the device to function, it receives at least three signals simultaneously from the GPS constellation -30 dedicated satellites which (3) …………. receivers can function anywhere on earth. To (4) ………… extremely precise positioning and (5) …………. errors from occurring due to external factors, this device is designed to receive four separate signals (see enhanced system accuracy on page 18). Dr. Hatem Elaydi, Islamic University of Gaza, Spring 2016, Unit 1 12

13. Exercise 5 In groups, explain the main functions and applications of a product made by your company or a product you know about. Student A, you are an engineering manager; Student B, you are a new employee. Use the language from this section and the phrases in the box. Swap roles and practice again. I see. So … 0K. In other words...... ….. So you mean... Dr. Hatem Elaydi, Islamic University of Gaza, Spring 2016, Unit 1 13

14. Explaining how technology works 6 a Students discuss the questions in groups. Before you begin … Look at the meaning of the following terms. space ship vs. space station payload = meaning load, usually used in the context of space environmentally unfriendly = opposite of environmentally friendly orbital space = the height above which objects orbit the Earth, rather than falling rapidly back to earth geostationary orbit = orbiting at the same speed as the Earth spins in order to remain above the same point, above the equator, on the Earth’s surface remote control = controlled from a distance

15. Exercise 6 Read the article and answer Exercise 6a. Match the verbs and definitions by referring back to the article in Exercise 6b to see how the words are used in context.

16. Language note Some of the verbs have more than one meaning: Fix: to attach, for example fix with bolts; to remain still, for example fixed above a point on earth; to repair, for example fix a puncture. carry: to withstand a load, for example the columns carry the roof; to transport, for example the conveyor belt carries boxes. drive; to control, for example the driver drives the car; to propel, for example the engine drives the wheels.

17. Look at the meaning of the following terms. strength-to-weight ratio: This is the strength of a material relative to its weight. Frequently, the stronger a material is, the heavier it is, and vice versa. For example, steel is strong and heavy, and polystyrene is light and weak. Materials with a high strength-to- weight ratio are both strong and light. The metal titanium is an example of self-contained energy source. Cars have a self-contained energy source, as their fuel is carried on board in a fuel tank. Electric trains use an external energy source – their power is supplied by overhead electric cables. Wireless transmission by waves is transmission without a direct wire link. Solar power converts sunlight to electricity using photovoltaic panels.

18. Exercise 7 Listen and check your answers to Exercise 7a. Complete the task in groups. Answer 7b and 7c. Answer 8a,b,c

19. Look at the meaning of the following terms. wind loads = the force of wind blowing against the cable horizontally and trying to push it sideways propulsion system = system for making something move propeller = device which causes a ship or aircraft to move, consisting of two or more blades which turn round at high speed.

20. 9 a Students analyze the notes in groupss and read them out in full. Suggested answer The anchoring system The wind loads on the cable will be huge. What are the implications for the anchoring system? The base will need to be moved continually and sometimes urgently. What temporary system could be used to hold the base in position? Should the base be in shallow water near the coast, or in deep water further offshore? The choice will have an impact on the design of the anchor system. The propulsion system Will the weight of the cable allow the base to be moved by its own propellers or will a more powerful system for propulsion and control be required? For example, an external power source.

21. b Students complete the task in groupss and then compare their ideas to the suggested answers on page 96. Suggested answers Anchor system It will be possible to anchor the base more securely in shallow water, near the coast. A permanent anchor structure could be built on the ocean bed, in shallow water. The base station could then be fixed securely to it with cables. If several anchor structures are built at different locations along the coast, the base station can be moved between them. Propulsion system Tugs (powerful boats used for pulling ships) could be used as an external power source. However, the base station could be driven by its own propellers. The large, powerful engines needed to propel it would be heavy, but that isn’t necessarily a disadvantage, as extra mass, and therefore extra inertia, would help to make the base more stable. c Students complete the task in small groups. d Students complete the task either in class or as a homework activity

22. Space Elevator: preparing for takeoff ln his 1979 novel, The Fountains of Paradise, Arthur C Clarke wrote about an elevator connecting the earth's surface to space. Three decades later, this science fiction concept is preparing to take off in the real world. NASA has launched the Space Elevator Challenge, a competition with a generous prize fund, and several teams and companies are working on serious research projects aimed at winning it. As its name suggests, a space elevator is designed to raise things into space' Satellites, components, or space ships, supplies, or astronauts to space stations, and even astronauts themselves are examples of payloads that could be transported into orbit without the need, or explosive and environmentally unfriendly rockets. However, the altitude of orbital space - a colossal 35,790 km above the earth - is a measure of the challenge facing engineers. How could such a height be reached? The answer is by using an incredibly strong and lightweight cable, strong enough to support its own weight and a heavy load. The design of such a cable is still largely theoretical. This would be attached to a base station on earth at one end and a satellite in geostationary orbit (fixed above a point on the equator) at the other. Lift vehicles would then ascend and descend the cable, powered by electromagnetic force and controlled remotely.