1. Chap 8 The muscular system
Memmler’s A&P
Chap 8
The muscular system

2. Functions of muscular system p161
Movement of skeleton
Maintenance of posture
Generation of heat

3. Types of muscle p160

4. Structure of muscle p161 p 162 Table 8-2
Endomysium
Perimysium
Epimysium

5. Neuron

7. Neuromuscular junction (NMJ) p162
Acetylcholine: neurotransmitter that works at the NMJ
Muscle fibers have the property of excitability.
The nerve impulse is an electrical current that is called an action potential.

9. Contraction of muscle p162
Contractility
Role of calcium in muscle contraction
When a muscle cell is stimulated, contraction is always the result.

10. Energy sources p 165 Energy sources for muscle contraction ATP
Myoglobin
Glycogen
Creatine phosphate

11. Oxygen consumption p165-166 Aerobic function Anaerobic function
Lactic acid
Oxygen debt

12. Effects of exercise on muscle p166
Increase in capillaries
Increase in mitochondria
Increase in reserves of myoglobin, glycogen, creatine phosphate
Prevent muscle atrophy and contractures

13. Types of muscle contractions p167
Isotonic contraction: produces movement. Ex: walking, lifting weights, running
Isometric contraction: increase in muscle tension. Ex: Pushing against an immovable object
Most body movements are a combination of both isotonic and isometric contractions.

14. Movement p167 Origin Insertion
Muscles work together to accomplish skeletal movement.
Prime mover
Antagonist

15. Anterior muscles p170 Deltoid Quadriceps femoris
Vastus lateralis (p178)

16. Posterior muscles p171 Deltoid Gluteus maximus and gluteus medius
Gastrocnemius
Notice the Achilles tendon
Most common injury in nurses is lumbar muscle strain p175

17. Muscles of respiration p175

18. Muscular disorders 179
Spasm
Strain
Sprain
Atrophy

19. Muscular diseases 179-180 Myalgia Myositis Bursitis Tendinitis
Shinsplints
Carpal tunnel syndrome