1. Overview of Freshwater Invertebrates of North America 10,000-15,000 species in temperate North America all major invertebrate phyla accept Echinodermata have freshwater representatives

2. Protozoa ubiquitous important consumers of bacteria & cyanobacteria, algae, and other protozoans prey for oligochaetes, chironomids, rotifers, etc. do not tolerate anoxic conditions

3. Porifera 25 species freshwater sponges in North America one family (Spongillidae) symbiotic algae Gemmules restricted to waters containing silica

4. Cnidaria Hydrozoa only; 20 species e.g. taxa: Hydra (polyp) Chlorohydra (polyp); contains Chlorella an endosymbiotic algae Craspedacusta (medusoid)

5. Platyhelminthes class Turbellaria (Planarians) > 200 species mostly benthic scavengers

6. Rotifera “wheel animals” 2500 species described free living herbivores & predators Corona muscular pharynx & mastix

7. Mollusca class Gastropoda (350 species); snails & limpets class Bivalvia (250 species); clams & mussels

8. Annelida classes Oligochaeta & Hirudinea

9. Arthropoda subphylum Chelicerata class Acari (water mites) subphylum Uniramia class Insecta- 10 orders have aquatic representatives

10. Arthropoda subphylum Crustacea class Malacostraca- crayfish & shrimps, isopods, & amphipods class Ostracoda- "seed shrimps“ class Brachiopoda- fairy shrimps, tadpole shrimps & cladocerans (e.g. Daphnia) class Copapoda- important zooplanktors

11. Order Hemiptera “true bugs” piercing-sucking mouth parts

12. Order Diptera flies, gnats, and mosquitoes complete metamorphosis important disease vectors

13. Order Odonata- dragonflies & damselflies ~650 North American species aquatic nymphs; mostly fresh water flying adults common families: Gomphidae Aeshnidae Corduliidae

14. Anisoptera vs. Zygoptera

15. Ephemeroptera- mayflies rocky-bottom 2 nd & 3 rd order streams most with three caudal filaments

16. Order Trichoptera- caddis flies nymphs construct nets and cases cool lotic waters

17. Order Plecoptera- stone flies inhabitants of clean, cool water good bioindicators adults live 1-4 weeks

18. Order Megaloptera- dobson flies also called hellgrammites predaceous larvae common families: Corydalidae Sialidae

19. Chelicerata (water mites)

20. Order Isopoda pill bugs, sow bugs aquatic and terrestrial forms dorsoventrally flattened body