1. The Age of Imperialism Imperialism - -the race to gain foreign territory - - The effect a powerful country has in influencing the way people live in other nations. - -Increasing a nation’s power by gaining control over other areas. **By 1700, Britain, Spain, Portugal, and France ruled vast territories in the Americas. **By the late 1700s, these nations would also control areas in Africa and Asia.

3. Two Factors Strengthening European Imperialism 1.New Technology in Weaponry -steam powered gun boats -repeating rifles -machine guns -exploding shells **African and Asian weaponry was no match. 2. Weakening Empires -Mughal Empire in India declines -Ottoman Empire loses strength -Qing Dynasty in China deals with rebellions **By the late 1700s, European armies face little resistance as they claim new territories.

4. Arguments for Imperialism 1. More raw materials for industry 2. More markets for trade 3. Military bases and fueling stations for Navy. 4. Duty to spread Christianity. 5. Duty to spread ideals of Democracy 6. Anglo-Saxon race was a superior race. #4-6 are nationalism- -extreme pride in one’s nation.

5. Britain Takes Control of India **Britain’s early imperialism in India was carried out by the British East India Company. **When the Mughal Empire was in power, the East India Co. was limited to just coastal areas, but when it began to break up into smaller states, the company began to take control. -manipulated and tricked new rulers -turned rulers against each other -caused chaos -then brought in armies to restore order

6. Changes in India **Once in control, the East India Co. made changes to Indian Society 1. new education system 2. English language 3. Banned some customs -sati -caste system 4. Spread Christianity **Indians begin to resent the changes to their culture.

7. The Sepoy Mutiny **The Sepoy (indian soldiers who fought with British army) refused to use new rifle cartridges because they are covered with pork and beef fat and they had to bite off the end of cartridge before inserting in gun. -Muslims do not eat pork -Hindus do not eat beef -Felt British were trying to make them abandon religion

8. **Sepoy are punished for refusing to follow orders. -Sepoy rise up against British officers -Violence on both sides -Sepoy kill British officers and British women and children -British strap captured Sepoy to cannons and shoot -Villages burned **As a result of the fighting, the British government ended the rule of the East India Co. and began to directly rule India.

9. **The British Raj will control India from 1858-1947. -Will build roads, railroads, infrastructure -Most officials are British -Indians still resent rule and unfair laws -A nationalist movement begins in India but they will not see independence until after WWII.