1. Carbohydrates By the end of the lesson you should be able to: 1.Understand the difference between monosaccharides, disaccharides and polysaccharides 2.Draw the structure of glucose 3.Explain how carbohydrates are digested.

2. Monosaccharide (single sugar Disaccharide (double sugar) Polysaccharide (many sugars joined together)

3. Monosaccharides – Single Sugars Glucose Fructose Galactose

4. α glucose

5. Use the molymods to make the monosaccharide glucose

6. α glucose

7. α glucose – a simplified version

8. What you need to learn for your exam:

9. Disaccharides Glucose + Fructose = Sucrose Glucose + Galactose = Lactose Glucose + Glucose = Maltose

10. Monomer (single sugars) Polymer (starch, glycogen or cellulose) Hydrolysis reaction (digestion) Condensation reaction (assimilation) Chemical bond

11. Making a maltose molecule One molecule of water removed α glucose

12. Making a maltose molecule α glucose

13. Making a maltose molecule New chemical bond formed GLYCOSIDIC BOND

14. How would you break down maltose to glucose?

15. Many α glucose molecules can go through condensation reactions to make starch α glucose Glycosidic bond Hydrogen bond

16. Many α glucose molecules can go through condensation reactions to make starch

17. Use the molymods to make maltose from your glucose models …and then starch

18. Where are carbohydrates digested?

19. ENZYMES Salivary Amylase - Mouth Pancreatic Amylase - Duodenum ENZYMES Maltase in the epithelium of the small intestine

20. Monosaccharides are the basic molecular units (monomers) of which carbohydrates are composed. The structure of α-glucose as The linking of α-glucose by glycosidic bonds formed by condensation to form maltose and starch. Sucrose is a disaccharide formed by condensation of glucose and fructose. Lactose is a disaccharide formed by condensation of glucose and galactose. Starch is a polysaccharide, and the role of salivary and pancreatic amylases and of maltase located in the intestinal epithelium Specification says…

21. Monosaccharide PancreasSucroseGalactose GlycosidicHydrolysisLactoseMaltase AssimilationMaltoseDisaccharideChips FructoseSmall intestine Condensation Polysaccharide DigestionGlucoseMouthAmylase