1. The Concept and Status of National Minorities in Hungary

2. Hungarians 9 883 060 Roma190 046 Germans62 233 Slovaks17 692 Croats15 620 Romanians7 995 Poles2 962 Serbs3 816 Slovenes3 040 Bulgarians1 358 Greeks2 509 Armenians620 Ukrainians5 070 Ruthenians1 098 Total314 059 Census 2001 Estimations The ethnic composition of the population in Hungary: 400-600.000 200-220.000 100-110.000 80-90.000 25.000 10.000 5.000 3.000-3.500 4.000-4.500 3.500-10.000 2.000 1.000 835.000 - 1.083.950

3. The definition of the Minorities Autochthonous Min.: Article1.(2) For the purposes of the present Act a national or ethnic minority (hereinafter 'minority') is any ethnic group with a history of at least one century of living in the Republic of Hungary, which represents a numerical minority among the citizens of the state, the members of which are Hungarian citizens, and are distinguished from the rest of the citizens by their own language, culture and traditions, and at the same time demonstrate a sense of belonging together, which is aimed at the preservation of all these, and the expression and protection of the interests of their communities, which have been formed in the course of history. Groups of Immigrants: do not meet the requirements above, mostly residents, who immigrated in the country in the last decades (e.g.: Chinese, Cubans, Arabs, Africans, etc.) They have no special rights.

4. IndividualCollective Minority Rights are: the right to free self-identification equal treatment and equal chances to participate in public life to preserve the minority language, culture and traditions to choose freely his/her own and child’s name and to have the first and last name registered under the conventions of the mother tongue to learn, foster, enrich their mother tongue, history, culture and traditions, to participate in education and cultural activities in their mother tongue to maintain contacts with state and community institutions in their kin state to persevere, foster, strength the identity of the group to cultivate and develop the historical traditions and language to establish civil organisations, as well as local and national self-governments to have national and ethnic minority TV and Radio programmes on a regular basis to create the necessary conditions for kindergarten, primary, secondary and higher education in the mother tongue or “bilingually” to establish a national educational, training, cultural and scientific institutional network to hold and celebrate feasts, preserve and maintain architectural, cultural and religious relics to establish and maintain extensive and direct international contacts. Act LXVII/ 1993. on the Rights of National and Ethnic Minorities

5. 1. Autonomy on the local level “a municipal government may declare itself a minority municipal government” “indirectly formed minority self-government” “directly formed local minority self-government” (by direct election) 2. Autonomy on the national level Association of local self-governments