1. Dietary Modifications TUBE AND IV FEEDING

2. Dietary Modifications 1.Standard diet: a diet that includes all foods and meets the nutrient needs of healthy people; also called a regular diet. 2.Modified diet: a diet that is altered by changing food consistency or nutrient content or by including or eliminating specific foods; also called a therapeutic diet.

3. Examples of Modified Diets Type of DietDescription of DietAppropriate Uses Modified Texture and Consistency Mechanically altered diets Contain foods that are modified in texture. Pureed diets include only pureed foods; mechanical soft diets may include solid foods that are mashed, minced, ground, or soft. Pureed diets are used for people with swallowing difficulty, poor lip and tongue control, or oral hyper- sensitivity. Mechanical soft diets are appropriate for people with limited chewing ability or certain swallowing impairments Blenderized Liquid Diet Contains fluids and foods that are blenderized to liquid diet liquid form. For people who cannot chew, swallow easily, or tolerate solid foods. Clear Liquid DietContains clear fluids or foods that are liquid at room preparation for temperature and leave minimal residue in the colon For bowel surgery or colonoscopy, for. acute GI disturbances (such as after GI surgeries), or as a transition diet after intravenous feeding. For short-term use only.

4. Mechanically altered diets

6. Blenderized Liquid Diet

7. Clear Liquid Diet

8. Examples of Therapeutic Diets Therapeutic Diets Fat-Restricted Diet Restricts fat to low (<50 g/day) or very low (<25 g/day) levels in the diet For people who have certain malabsorptive disorders or symptoms of diarrhea, flatulence, or steatorrhea (fecal fat) resulting from dietary fat intolerance. Fiber-Restricted Diet Restricts fiber to low levels in the diet (<10 g/day). For acute phases of intestinal disorders or to reduce fecal output before surgery. Not recommended for long-term use. Sodium-restricted diet Restricts sodium; degree of restriction depends on symptoms and disease severity To prevent fluid retention or induce fluid loss; used in. hypertension, congestive heart failure, renal disease, and liver disease. High-calorie, High- Protein Diet Contains foods that are kcalorie and protein dense. Used for increased kcalorie and protein requirements high-protein diet (in cancer, AIDS, burns, trauma, and other illnesses); also used to reverse malnutrition, improve nutrition status, or promote weight gain.

9. Feeding Routes Enteral feedingOral feedingTube feedingParenteral feeding

10. Ways to connect the tube

11. Types of enteral formulas 1.Standard Formulas 2.Hydrolyzed Formulas 3.Modular Formulas 4.Specialized Formulas https://emilytodhunterwvudietetics.wordpress.com/2012/08/0 6/enteral-nutrition-formulas-at-mon-gen/

12. Example of enteral formula (standard)

13. Example of enteral formula (Hydrolyzed)

14. Example of enteral formula (Modular)

15. Example of enteral formula (Specialized)

16. Determine the Formula Volumes to Administer in Tube Feedings 1.Select a formula that meets the patient’s medical and nutrient needs. 2.Determine the volume of formula that meets those needs. Consider a patient who needs 2000 kcal daily and is receiving a standard formula that provides 1.5 kcal per milliliter. The total volume of formula required would be … 1 ml → 1.5 kcal ? ml → 2000 kcal If the patient need to receive intermittent feedings 6 times per day, he will need about 330 milliliters of formula at each feeding:

17. Cont. If the patient need to receive the formula continuously over 24 hours, he will need about 85 milliliters of formula each hour: