1. Low Impact Development Introduction Moving towards Technology Based Landscapes, Streetscapes, and Infrastructure Low Impact Development Green Infrastructure Green Highways Partnership

2. Low Impact Development (LID) Hydrology based distributed site design approach  Reflects landscape and ecosystem function  Uniform or decentralized  Replicate function instead of mitigation  Multi-functional landscapes and infrastructure  Multiple regulatory and resource objectives

3. CHAPTER 26 CFR - WATER POLLUTION PREVENTION AND CONTROL SUBCHAPTER I - RESEARCH AND RELATED PROGRAMS  § 1251. Congressional declaration of goals and policy. (a) Restoration and maintenance of chemical, physical and biological integrity of Nation's waters; national goals for achievement of objective. § 1251 Ecosystems Based Technology-forcing Comprehensive Research Total Maximum Daily Load

4. Origins Initiated by Prince George’s County in mid 1990’s LID Center formed 1998 EPA LID Manual 2000 DOD LID Manual 2004 Subsequent PWTB NCHRP Research 2006 Federal State and Local Programs Regulatory and Go Green!!

5. Get Ready! LID techniques will be the foundation of EPA Green Infrastructure Strategy Federal Energy Legislation (438) Highway Reauthorization Everything is going green!

6. Defining LID Technology Conservation (Watershed and Site Level ) Minimization (Site Level) Strategic Timing (Watershed and Site Level) Integrated Management Practices (Site Level) Retain / Detain / Filter / Recharge / Use Pollution Prevention

7. 1. Conservation Plans / Regulations Local Watershed and Conservation Plans Local Watershed and Conservation Plans  Forest (Contiguous and Interior Habitat)  Streams (Corridors)  Wetlands  Habitats  Step Slopes  Buffers  Critical Areas  Parks  Scenic Areas  Trails  Shorelines  Difficult Soils  Ag Lands  Minerals Large to Small Scale!

8. 2. Minimize Impacts Minimize clearing Minimize clearing Minimize grading Minimize grading Save A and B soils Save A and B soils Limit lot disturbance Limit lot disturbance * Soil Amendments * Soil Amendments Alternative Surfaces Alternative Surfaces Reforestation Reforestation Disconnect Disconnect Reduce pipes, curb and gutters Reduce pipes, curb and gutters Reduce impervious surfaces Reduce impervious surfaces

9. 3. Maintain Time of Concentration Open Drainage Open Drainage Use green space Use green space Flatten slopes Flatten slopes Disperse drainage Disperse drainage Lengthen flow paths Lengthen flow paths Save headwater areas Save headwater areas Vegetative swales Vegetative swales Maintain natural flow paths Maintain natural flow paths Increase distance from streams Increase distance from streams Maximize sheet flow Maximize sheet flow

10. 4. Storage, Detention & Filtration “LID IMP’s” Uniform Distribution at the Source Uniform Distribution at the Source  Open drainage swales  Rain Gardens / Bioretention  Smaller pipes and culverts  Small inlets  Depression storage  Infiltration  Rooftop storage  Pipe storage  Street storage  Rain Water Use  Soil Management**

11. 5. Pollution Prevention Maintenance Maintenance Proper use, handling and disposal Proper use, handling and disposal  Individuals  Lawn / car / hazardous wastes / reporting / recycling  Industry  Good house keeping / proper disposal / reuse / spills  Business  Alternative products / Product liability 30 - 40% Reduction in N&P Kettering Demonstration Project

12. Where is all this going Hydromod Watershed Based Approaches Drivers and Implementation

13. Green Infrastructure Use of community public and private open space for integrated network of stormwater facilities. Non-structural and structural Proliferate micro-scale techniques in an effective manner throughout the watershed

14. Green Highways Partnership The Green Highways Partnership (GHP) is a voluntary, public/private initiative  integrated planning: watershed!  regulatory flexibility  market-based rewards  “Better than Before”

15. Imperviousness & Threshold Theories It’s not so simple - very complex!

16. Figure 2: Showing the lack of mitigating influence of structural BMPs on biologic conditions in Puget Sound lowland streams (Horner and May, 2000). Note, “w/BMPs” refers to structural facilities only. [Honer / May 2001]

17. A few Issues! How we see the world (without the meds) Political and Economic Drivers Institutional (Been there done that) Technology and Materials

18. How well do we maintain the ecological integrity (functions) of aquatic systems (small streams)? Chemical Variables Flow Regime Habitat Structure EnergySources BioticFactors Nutrients Temperature D.O. pH Turbidity Organics Toxics Disease Reproduction Feeding Predation Competition Sunlight Nutrients Seasonal Cycles Organic Matter 1&2 Production Canopy Siltation Gradient Substrate Current Instream Cover Sinuosity Width/Depth Channel Morphology Soils Stability Riparian Vegetation Velocity Frequency Runoff Evaporation Ground Water Flow Duration Rain Intensity Scale / Spatial / Temporal / Species Ecosystem Integrity

19. Oak Ridge National Laboratory

21. Capacity Amenity Traditional Urban Drainage Sustainable Urban Drainage Stahre, 2006 Water Quality The Good Old Days!

22. Courtesy E. Takata

24. Conventional Ultra-Urban Retrofit SpaceSpace CostCost InefficiencyInefficiency PollutionPollution MaintenanceMaintenance SafetySafety Creating Blackholes of Infrastructure Stormwater Competes With Other Programs

25. Stormwater regulations in a highly impervious world Why do we need LID Now? Precision Scale Technology

27. MUSIC Monash U

28. Stormwater Wastewater Drinking Water Decentralized Controls are Holistic and Watershed Based

29. N2N2 SANDY SOIL MEDIUM MULCH RAINFALL RUNOFF NO 3 AIR NH 3 PARTICULATES DRAIN INFILTRATION NH 4 METALS, NUTRIENTS BIOLOGICAL FIXATION EVAPOTRANSPIRATION DENITRIFICATION ADSORPTION VOLITILIZATION PLANT MATERIALS NO 2 AMMONIFICATION NITROGEN CYCLE FOR BIORETENTION RECHARGE DENITRIFICATION NITROGEN FIXATION

30. PICP Open-graded base s (optional) SMOG HEAT/ LIGHT RAINFALL ET dog

31. Green Strategies Bioretention Permeable Walks Reforestation Soil Amendments

32. using lid to reduce inflow to combined sewer systems Washington, DC Award winning Barracks Row 2 nd Avenue SEA Street. Photo courtesy of Seattle Public Utilities. Green Factor Rating Systems Seattle, WA Context Sensitive Solutions

34. Industry Recognized Standards Builder/Developer/Institution Land Use Economic and Design Requirements Local Community Codes/Ordinances and Watershed Requirements Localized Sustainable Development LID Fits with all current rating systems! Its good business!