1. Anaerobic Cellular Respiration SB14U - Biology Jim Kasprzak

2. Agenda Curriculum Smarter Science Competition Lactate Fermentation Clothespin Marathon Ethanol Fermentation Various Labs/Activities

3. Curriculum Expectations Overall Expectations c2. investigate the products of metabolic processes such as cellular respiration and photosynthesis; c3. demonstrate an understanding of the chemical changes and energy conversions that occur in metabolic processes

4. Curriculum Expectations Specific Expectations C2.2: conduct a laboratory investigation into the process of cellular respiration to identify the products of the process, interpret the qualitative observations, and display them in an appropriate format c3.1 explain the chemical changes and energy conversions associated with the processes of aerobic and anaerobic cellular respiration c3.4 describe, compare, and illustrate (e.g., using flow charts) the matter and energy transformations that occur during the processes of cellular respiration (aerobic and anaerobic) and photosynthesis, including the roles of oxygen and organelles such as mitochondria and chloroplasts

6. Lactic Acid Fermentation

7. Lactate (Lactic Acid) Fermentation Normal conditions (optimum oxygen levels) humans/mammals use aerobic respiration During strenuous activity (shortage of oxygen) – Muscle cells respire glucose faster than oxygen can be supplied – Lactate (Lactic Acid) Fermentation begins

8. Lactate (Lactic Acid) Fermentation 2 NADH produced in step 6 of glycolysis

9. Lactate (Lactic Acid) Fermentation 2 NADH produced in step 6 of glycolysis 2 Pyruvate is the result of glycolysis

10. Lactate (Lactic Acid) Fermentation 2 NADH produced in step 6 of glycolysis 2 Pyruvate is the result of glycolysis Pyruvate reduced to lactate NADH oxidizes to NAD+ NAD+ is free to return to glycolysis

11. Lactate (Lactic Acid) Fermentation Lactate accumulation Muscle stiffness, soreness, fatigue Lactate transferred through blood stream to the liver Exercise stops: Aerobic respiration = efficient Lactate is oxidized back to pyruvate Continue through the Krebs cycle Produce more ATP than possible anaerobically

12. Oxygen Debt Competition

13. Radiolab

14. STSE Relate Lactic Acid to athletes in the class – Better training = more efficient system Example: Julie Moss Make yogurt Labs

15. Julie Moss

17. Activity Questions What happened to your strength as you progressed through each trial? Describe how your hand and fingers felt during the end of your trials. What factors might cause you to get more squeezes (to have less fatigue)? Were your results different for the dominant and the nondominant hand? Explain why they would be different. Your muscles would probably recover after 10 min of rest to operate at the original squeeze rate. Explain why. Design an experiment to help you answer one of the following questions: Is there a difference between the writing hand and the non-writing hand? How long a period of rest do your finger muscles need before you can repeat the experiment and get the same results as your first trial? Is there a gender difference in finger muscle fatigue? Do the fittest students in the class also have the fittest fingers? Do the musicians in the class have the fittest fingers? Further Investigations

18. Ethanol Fermentation

20. CO 2 removed from pyruvate Enzyme: pyruvate decarboxylase Forms 2 acetaldehyde

21. Ethanol Fermentation CO 2 removed from pyruvate Enzyme: pyruvate decarboxylase Forms 2 acetaldehyde Acetaldehyde reduced to ethanol NADH oxidizes to NAD+ NAD+ can be used in glycolysis again CO 2 & Ethanol removed as waste

23. Labs/Activities Links can be found on the website: – Smarter Science Posters – Who can hold their breath the longest – Clothes Pin Marathon – Making Vinegar – Many Variations of the Yeast Lab

24. Pictionary Countdown