1. Chapter 9 Section 3

2. Wartime Economies Southern Economy –Collapse of the transportation system and the blockade of Southern Ports –Question the sacrifices they were being called to make –Hardships back home caused many soldiers to desert –Food Shortages led to riots Mobs of women armed with knives and guns marched into shops to seize food

3. Wartime Economies The Union’s War Boom –Women filled labor shortages in carious industries –New Sewing Machines allowed more uniforms to be made –Riots Union’s new conscription policy All healthy males ages 20 to 45 A man could get out of duty if he could find a replacement or pay $300

4. African Americans in the Military Frederick Douglass’ two sons enlisted in the military –Believed serving in the military would help African Americans overcome discrimination About 180,000 African Americans served in the Union Army 54 th Massachusetts –Fought at Fort Wagner near Charleston Harbor

5. Military Life Soldiers in the Field –Southern Soldiers would sleep without blankets and go shoeless Food –Hardtack – Union army Hard Biscuit made of wheat flour Potatoes beans –Confederate Bread was made of cornmeal –Whenever possible soldiers would eat fruits or vegetables seized or purchased from farms

6. Military Life Battlefield Medicine –Little understanding of Germs and infection –Used the same unsterilized instrument on all patients –Disease Smallpox, dysentery, typhoid, and pneumonia –Amputations Took arms and legs to prevent gangrene and other infections from spreading

7. Military Life Women serve as nurses –Elizabeth Blackwell- the first female physician in the United States Created the United States Sanitary Commission –Organization that provides medical assistance and supplies to army camps and hospitals –Clara Barton – Founder of the Red Cross Fed the sick, bandaged the wounded, dug out bullets with her knife

8. Military Life Military Prisons –Prisoner Exchanges Early in the war these were held frequently After the Emancipation Proclamation the Confederacy announced it would not exchange free African Americans for Southern White Prisoners –Decided to re-enslave or execute all African American troops captured in battle –Lincoln stopped all prisoner exchanges –The South was struggling to feed its prisoners –Andersonville, Georgia No shade or shelter More than 100 men were killed each day