1. Earth Science Division E RNEST O RLANDO L AWRENCE B ERKELEY N ATIONAL L ABORATORY B ERKELEY L AB EM-01G MEQ Monitoring of Injection at the Tiwi Geothermal Field, Philippines Ernest Majer 1 and Gregg Nordquist 2 1 Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory 2 Unocal Geothermal

2. Earth Science Division E RNEST O RLANDO L AWRENCE B ERKELEY N ATIONAL L ABORATORY B ERKELEY L AB EM-01GPurpose 1. Investigate the utility of MEQ monitoring in heavily exploited liquid-dominated fields that will(are) rely(ing) on injection to maintain production. 2. Test applicability of MEQ methods in a well constrained case. a. Geochemical tracer tests b. Core hole c. 20 years of experience 3. Transfer technology developed at The Geysers.

3. Earth Science Division E RNEST O RLANDO L AWRENCE B ERKELEY N ATIONAL L ABORATORY B ERKELEY L AB EM-01GObjective Deploy multicomponent high resolution portable array to Deploy multicomponent high resolution portable array to monitor MEQ activity and characteristics as a result of a monitor MEQ activity and characteristics as a result of a controlled injection. controlled injection. a. Rate and distribution before and during injection. b. Relate seismic attributes to reservoir properties and transport. and transport. c. Provide a design for optimal long term MEQ monitoring and analysis. monitoring and analysis.

4. Earth Science Division E RNEST O RLANDO L AWRENCE B ERKELEY N ATIONAL L ABORATORY B ERKELEY L AB EM-01GFunding/Cooperation Heavily subsidized by Unocal with instrumentation Heavily subsidized by Unocal with instrumentation support from IRIS. Project initiated by Unocal. support from IRIS. Project initiated by Unocal. a. Unocal: $50K in direct salary support to Unocal employees, shipping, and field support. Also paid employees, shipping, and field support. Also paid expenses and travel of IRIS technician to install expenses and travel of IRIS technician to install array. array. b. IRIS provided thirteen (13) instruments for six (6) months. six (6) months. c. LBNL will process and interpret data. Provide recommendations of future approach. Provide recommendations of future approach. d. Unocal will provide injection data, geology, and joint interpretation of results. interpretation of results.

5. Earth Science Division E RNEST O RLANDO L AWRENCE B ERKELEY N ATIONAL L ABORATORY B ERKELEY L AB EM-01G

6. Earth Science Division E RNEST O RLANDO L AWRENCE B ERKELEY N ATIONAL L ABORATORY B ERKELEY L AB EM-01G

7. Earth Science Division E RNEST O RLANDO L AWRENCE B ERKELEY N ATIONAL L ABORATORY B ERKELEY L AB EM-01G

8. Earth Science Division E RNEST O RLANDO L AWRENCE B ERKELEY N ATIONAL L ABORATORY B ERKELEY L AB EM-01G Plan and Approach 1. Augment current array with a high resolution digital multicomponent station. a. Current array analog with 40 to 50 Hz bandwidth (8 stations) since 1987 a. Current array analog with 40 to 50 Hz bandwidth (8 stations) since 1987 (  200 to 300 m) (  200 to 300 m) b. Deploy 24 bit 200 samples/sec. network of 12 stations centered on injection zone with 3 component 4.5 Hz geophone with continuous injection zone with 3 component 4.5 Hz geophone with continuous recording over entire period. recording over entire period. 2. Apply a variety of processing and interpretation techniques a. Precision location using correlation analysis. b. Joint inversion for velocity and location in 3-D. c. Examine spatial and temporal distribution of events in relation to injection schedules. to injection schedules. d. Examine MEQ attributes i. Size i. Size ii. Mechanism of events ii. Mechanism of events 3. Deployment of instruments in late February of 2001. a. Injection period from March 7 to June 30, 2001 b. Use large array to focus studies of detailed array. c. Over 275 G bytes of data recorded.

9. Earth Science Division E RNEST O RLANDO L AWRENCE B ERKELEY N ATIONAL L ABORATORY B ERKELEY L AB EM-01G Injection Data

10. Earth Science Division E RNEST O RLANDO L AWRENCE B ERKELEY N ATIONAL L ABORATORY B ERKELEY L AB EM-01G

11. Earth Science Division E RNEST O RLANDO L AWRENCE B ERKELEY N ATIONAL L ABORATORY B ERKELEY L AB EM-01G

12. Earth Science Division E RNEST O RLANDO L AWRENCE B ERKELEY N ATIONAL L ABORATORY B ERKELEY L AB EM-01G

13. Earth Science Division E RNEST O RLANDO L AWRENCE B ERKELEY N ATIONAL L ABORATORY B ERKELEY L AB EM-01G

14. Earth Science Division E RNEST O RLANDO L AWRENCE B ERKELEY N ATIONAL L ABORATORY B ERKELEY L AB EM-01G

15. Earth Science Division E RNEST O RLANDO L AWRENCE B ERKELEY N ATIONAL L ABORATORY B ERKELEY L AB EM-01G

16. Earth Science Division E RNEST O RLANDO L AWRENCE B ERKELEY N ATIONAL L ABORATORY B ERKELEY L AB EM-01G

17. Earth Science Division E RNEST O RLANDO L AWRENCE B ERKELEY N ATIONAL L ABORATORY B ERKELEY L AB EM-01G

18. Earth Science Division E RNEST O RLANDO L AWRENCE B ERKELEY N ATIONAL L ABORATORY B ERKELEY L AB EM-01G

19. Earth Science Division E RNEST O RLANDO L AWRENCE B ERKELEY N ATIONAL L ABORATORY B ERKELEY L AB EM-01G 1994

20. Earth Science Division E RNEST O RLANDO L AWRENCE B ERKELEY N ATIONAL L ABORATORY B ERKELEY L AB EM-01G 1998/99

21. Earth Science Division E RNEST O RLANDO L AWRENCE B ERKELEY N ATIONAL L ABORATORY B ERKELEY L AB EM-01G

22. Earth Science Division E RNEST O RLANDO L AWRENCE B ERKELEY N ATIONAL L ABORATORY B ERKELEY L AB EM-01G

23. Earth Science Division E RNEST O RLANDO L AWRENCE B ERKELEY N ATIONAL L ABORATORY B ERKELEY L AB EM-01G

24. Earth Science Division E RNEST O RLANDO L AWRENCE B ERKELEY N ATIONAL L ABORATORY B ERKELEY L AB EM-01G

25. Earth Science Division E RNEST O RLANDO L AWRENCE B ERKELEY N ATIONAL L ABORATORY B ERKELEY L AB EM-01G Plans for Project completion Data conditioning ( July and August ) Data conditioning ( July and August ) a. Time align and sort data into proper sequence b. Hand scan all data for events c. Pick events for analysis Data processing and interpretation ( Sept-Oct) Data processing and interpretation ( Sept-Oct) a. 3-d velocity model and location a. 3-d velocity model and location b. Correlation analysis with possible events b. Correlation analysis with possible events c. Correlate with injection data (tracer) and geology c. Correlate with injection data (tracer) and geology d. Provide recommendation for future deployment d. Provide recommendation for future deployment e. Final report e. Final report

26. Earth Science Division E RNEST O RLANDO L AWRENCE B ERKELEY N ATIONAL L ABORATORY B ERKELEY L AB EM-01GSummary Highly focused project with specific objectives Highly focused project with specific objectives Unique data set with application to a variety of cases Unique data set with application to a variety of cases True partnership between industry and government True partnership between industry and government Results in public domain Results in public domain MEQ work will be continued as part of DOE- LBNL/CEC project at The Geysers MEQ work will be continued as part of DOE- LBNL/CEC project at The Geysers

27. Earth Science Division E RNEST O RLANDO L AWRENCE B ERKELEY N ATIONAL L ABORATORY B ERKELEY L AB EM-01G Acknowledgements Al Protacio - Unocal field support UC/LBNL Data Processing John Peterson, Bob Urhammer, Tiffany Foo IRIS - Field Equipment DOE and Unocal - Financial Support