1. 142Unit 11 Coverpage Napoleon & the Age of Metternich ISN pg 142 create Unit 11 Coverpage: Napoleon & the Age of Metternich 144Napoleon ISN pg 144, title: Napoleon Preview Preview: Which would you be more likely to follow during times of trouble: –A democratic government that asks for you opinion but complains more than it accomplishes—OR—a single leader who never asks you what you want but gets things done –A democratic government that asks for you opinion but complains more than it accomplishes—OR—a single leader who never asks you what you want but gets things done?

2. Napoleon Bonaparte— After the French Revolution

3. France was an absolute monarchy under the Bourbon kings, Louis XIV & Louis XVI

4. Louis XVI asked the Estates General to help solve France’s financial crisis

5. The Third Estate swore the Tennis Court Oath & create a limited monarchy led by the National Assembly

6. The French Revolution began when the French people raided the Bastille castle

7. The National Assembly grew tired to Louis XVI vetoing their ideas so they tried executed him & created a republic

8. Robespierre led the Reign of Terror to protect France’s new republic from traitors

10. Fear of Revolutionary Ideas When Louis XVI was executed during the French Revolution, other European kings were afraid that these ideas would lead to revolutions in their countries First Coalition Prussia, Spain, England, Sweden, Austria formed the First Coalition & went to war with France to bring the Bourbon Dynasty back & end the French Revolution

11. Let’s team up to put out this fire before it spreads!!

12. Napoleon Bonaparte Napoleon Bonaparte was a popular soldier in the French military who supported the republic In 1796, the leaders of the French republic gave Napoleon command of the army to defend France from this European coalition

13. Napoleon’s Control of France Napoleon showed his great military skills & defeated the First Coalition By 1799, Napoleon believed that he could do a better job running the French government than the leaders of the republic

14. coup d’etat In 1799, Napoleon staged a coup d’etat (overthrow) of the republic & had himself named dictator Napoleon’s control of France was supposed to be a short-term fix to restore order, BUT…

15. Key Questions Could Napoleon still consider himself a “republican” (supporter of the French Revolution) after his coup d’etat? Could Napoleon still consider himself a “republican” (supporter of the French Revolution) after his coup d’etat? Is this type of government what the philosophes imaged during the Enlightenment? Is this type of government what the philosophes imaged during the Enlightenment?

17. Napoleon Controlled France emperor Desperate for strong leadership, French citizens allowed Napoleon to have as much power as he wanted, so he made himself emperor in 1804 The philosophes of the Enlightenment were outraged (this is absolutism!); but the people supported Napoleon

18. Napoleon’s Changes in France Bad Changes Used the military to run the country Limited freedom of speech & executed or jailed his critics Forced men to join the French army Continued fighting European wars Good Changes Improved education Bank of France Created a Bank of France & made everyone pay taxes Napoleonic Code Created the Napoleonic Code to make French laws more equal & clear Increased the size of the French empire

19. Napoleon sold Louisiana territory to USA president Thomas Jefferson in 1803 for $15 million ($0.03 per acre)

20. After Napoleon defeated the First Coalition in 1796, he continued his fight against his European enemies Napoleon defeated Austria & Italy in a war against the Third Coalition in 1805 Napoleon defeated Prussia in a war against the Fourth Coalition in 1806 Napoleon defeated Spain in 1809

21. By 1810, Napoleon had created the largest European empire since the Romans!

22. Napoleon’s Empire Napoleon forced Europe to: Napoleonic Code –Obey the Napoleonic Code Continental System –Obey the Continental System—a strict blockade of all British goods & a heavy tax on any non- French product

23. Key Questions Were these Napoleonic Wars: –Offensive (motivated by desire to expand & conquer –Offensive (motivated by desire to expand & conquer) —OR— –Defensive (motivated by desire to save France from destructive enemies)?

24. End of Napoleon’s Empire By 1812, the only countries Napoleon did not control were England, Sweden & Russia When Russia violated the Continental System & bought grain from England, Napoleon attacked

25. End of Napoleon’s Empire Napoleon advanced towards Russia with a superior army, but… Scorched- Earth policy The Russians used a Scorched- Earth policy—attack the French, then retreat while burning everything so Napoleon’s army can’t use them for food or shelter This tactic & a harsh winter devastated Napoleon’s army; Napoleon lost to Russia in 1812

26. Napoleon’s Retreat from Russia Napoleon arrived in Russia with 614,000 French troops but returned with only 40,000

27. End of Napoleon’s Empire Napoleon was exiled to Elba (an island near Italy); France brought back the Bourbon king Louis XVIII But…Napoleon returned & created a new army to lead France; BUT…

28. End of Napoleon’s Empire The Sixth Coalition of European powers defeated him at Waterloo in 1815 & ended Napoleon’s reign Napoleon was exiled to the South Atlantic where he died in 1821 (of stomach cancer or poison?)

30. Create Poster Was Napoleon: –A great French hero who saved France from destruction & started effective new programs —OR—A power-hungry dictator who used France’s problems as opportunity to take over & eliminate the personal freedoms created during the French Revolution –A great French hero who saved France from destruction & started effective new programs —OR—A power-hungry dictator who used France’s problems as opportunity to take over & eliminate the personal freedoms created during the French Revolution?

31. Let’s Create a Perspective Poster about Napoleon Your poster should include: title –A title that takes a stand: was Napoleon good or bad? visual –A visual of Napoleon as either a good influence or as a bad influence list –A list of achievements or complaints