1. Security Hannes Tschofenig

2. Goal for this Meeting Use the next 2 hours to determine what the security consideration section of the OAuth draft(s) should contain. Currently, the security consideration section of draft-ietf-oauth-v2-10 is empty. Note: No time to actually write text today. The next couple of slides are an introduction to get the discussion started. – Approaches the topic based on NIST SP 800-63

3. Abstract View on OAuth,-. (* *) `+' User ' :------------ ---|--- ~~~~~~~~~~: : Service / \ : Management : Interaction / \ : of Resources : : Consent : : : : : +---:-+ Carol : : 1. |Carol| as : : Obtain.'>| | Asserting : : Access.' +-----+ Party : : Token.' : :.' : : v' : +-:---+ +--:--+ Bob |Alice| |Bob | as | | 2. Authenticated | | Relying +-----+ Request + +-----+ Party Access Token

4. Status: draft-ietf-oauth-v2-10 (with relevance for security) Token: – Token Format not specified – Token Content not specified – Protection of token unspecified. HTTP Basic Authentication used for interaction with the authorization server, see (1) No HTTP-level authentication for authenticated request (2) specified. TLS not mandatory to use for (2) either.

5. Example Instantiation: Web Server Flow

7. Security Threats (based on NIST SP 800-63) 1.Token manufacture/modification An attacker may generate a bogus token or modify the token content of an existing token, causing Bob to grant inappropriate access to the Alice. 2.Token disclosure Tokens may contain authentication and attribute statements that include sensitive information. 3.Token redirect An attacker uses the token generated for consumption by Bob to obtain access to a second Relying Party. 4.Token reuse An attacker attempts to use a token that has already been used once with Bob.

8. Threat Mitigation (based on NIST SP 800-63) Token modification: – Protect the content, or use a reference instead! Token redirect: – Carol must include the identity of the token consumer, Bob. Token disclosure: – Variant (a): Do not include sensitive information – Variant (b): Offer confidentiality protection

9. Dealing with Token Reuse Approach #1: Confidentiality Protection & extra condition* *: Alice has to make sure it does not distribute the token to entities other than Bob TLS Carol Alice Bob

10. Dealing with Token Reuse (2) Approach #2: Sender Constraint Token contains information about the legitimate presenter (Alice). Bob has to authenticate Alice first to verify whether the token constraint matches the authenticated identity

11. Dealing with Token Reuse (3) Approach #3: Key Confirmation Req Token, {Request}SK, {SK}Bob Carol Alice Bob Token,SK, {SK}Bob TLS

12. Mandatory to implement? Challenge: draft-ietf-oauth-v2-10 does not provide a completely interoperable solution since many aspects are left for bi-lateral agreements between Alice & Bob. – So, what should be mandatory to implement? Key Confirmation Approach – Experience in deployment available from Kerberos. – Other approaches suffer from operational considerations Ensuring that Alice only provides token to Bob Establishing authentication infrastructure Putting proper constraints in the token. MUST implement and use TLS between Alice and Carol (exchange #1)

13. Additional Security Considerations This slide set focuses on the token exchange. Security for the exchange between Alice and Carol isn’t described in great detail. Main document can only provide requirements for token protection – Will have to be postponed to documents covering the details. Example: Additional security considerations based on properties of individual flows. – Relate to properties provided by operating systems, libraries/application frameworks, and browsers.