1. Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Unit 8 Layout Tools and Procedures

2. Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Construction of Layout Tools Made of steel, aluminum, wood, plastic, or cloth depending on durability required Often marked with gradations to ensure durability and accuracy of the scale System of measurement based on the U.S. customary system and/or the metric system

3. Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Measurement Metric System –Linear measurements based on the meter –Units of measure relate to each other in multiples of ten Customary System –Linear measurements based on the inch, foot, yard, rod, and mile –The inch is the traditional unit of measurement for woodworking and metalworking

4. Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Measuring Tools Used to measure length, width, height, depth, thickness, spacing, and clearances Examples –tapes –rules –calipers –gauges

5. Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Tapes Flexible measuring devices Roll into a case Range in length Made of steel, cloth, or fiber materials Easily broken

6. Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Rules Folding rule—rigid rule 2 to 8 feet in length; folds for handling and storage Originally the carpenter’s standard measuring device Made of wood, plastic, or metal

7. Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Calipers Measure the diameter or thickness of an object Can take inside and outside measurements Examples –dial calipers –digital calipers

8. Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Squares Usually measure 90 degrees, but can draw other angles Mark and check cuts for accuracy Used to square boards before making additional cuts and measurements

9. Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Types of Squares Framing square—flat square with a body and tongue Try square—used to test accuracy of cuts and mark lines on lumber Combination square—combines several tools in one (the most used square) Sliding T bevel—used to lay out angles

10. Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Levels Determine whether an object has the same height at two or more points –Spirit level—most common kind; alcohol in a sealed tube with a small air bubble; mounted in wood or aluminum –Laser level—newer technology; very accurate; uses a laser beam to determine level

11. Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Lines Any thin material stretched tightly between two or more points Useful for –laying block or flooring –cutting rafters –applying ceiling tiles –building greenhouses, sheds, and barns

12. Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Patterns A model or guide used to make an object Techniques –tracing –carbon paper –drawing

13. Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Computers Most modern layout tool/technology CAD –Design a project without having to manufacture it –Develop detailed drawing of the project –Determine optimum use of space –Calculate bill of materials/total cost

14. Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Important Terms Gradations: numbers and lines stamped into tools Scale: numbers and gradations Craftsperson: skilled worker Linear: in a line Layout: to prepare a pattern Gauge: used to determine thickness, gap, diameter, or pressure of flow Plumb: vertical to the axis of the earth Miter: angle

15. Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Important Terms (continued) Bevel: sloping edge Right triangle: three-sided figure with one 90 degree angle Dividers: two steel legs used to make circles and curved lines Scribers: one steel leg and one pencil leg; used to make circles and curved lines Plumb line: string with a pointed metal weight attached Plumb bob: the pointed metal weight on a plumb line