1. 1 Signalized Intersection Performance Measures West Lafayette, Indiana for SR 43 (River Road)

2. 2 Project Team  Natalie Villwock  Joey Ernst  Chris Day  Ron Davis

3. 3 Outline  Corridor Overview (Natalie)  Identifying and Installing New Equipment  Management of Data Collection  Performance Measure Reports  Report Interpretation  Schedule  Cost  Risk  Conclusions

4. 4 Study Corridor

5. 5 SR 43 and Robinson –Loops existing for NB and SB left-turn, only –Loops existing on both lanes for EB and WB –Problem Signal heads for EB traffic may be confused by SB traffic Existing Traffic Signal Infrastructure

6. 6 US 231 and Fowler (Salem) Off Ramp –All WB lanes have loops –There are no NB or SB loops –There are no existing pedestrian buttons –Problem Close proximity to US 231 and Quincey Existing Traffic Signal Infrastructure

7. 7 US 231 and Wiggins (Union) Off Ramp –Loops existing for both EB lanes –No existing loops for NB or SB –No existing pedestrian push-buttons –Problem: SB signal heads may be disguised by bridge Existing Traffic Signal Infrastructure

8. 8 US 231 and Howard –No existing SB or NB loops for the through lanes –Loops for both WB lanes –Problem WB RT signal head may be confused with NB through Existing Traffic Signal Infrastructure

9. 9 US 231 and SR 26 (State) Loops are existing for all approaches and all lanes, just behind the stop bars (except the fifth) Existing Traffic Signal Infrastructure

10. 10 US 231 and Tapawingo/Williams –Loops existing for all NB lanes, except the RT lane, just prior to the stop bar –Loops existing for all SB lanes, just prior to the stop bar –Loops for both EB lanes –No evident loops for WB lanes, but may have been buried within pavement –Problem: Sharp incline on Williams Existing Traffic Signal Infrastructure

11. 11 Outline  Corridor Overview  Identifying and Installing New Equipment (Joey)  Management of Data Collection  Performance Measure Reports  Report Interpretation  Schedule  Cost  Risk  Conclusions

12. Data Infrastructure 12 Central Office ASC/3 VPN Fiber Internet LAN Local FTP storage Database Intersection 1 Intersection 2 Intersection 3 Reports

13. 13 Data Infrastructure ASC/3 Fiber Cat5 Cable

14. 14 Data Infrastructure Detector Rack with Presence and Count Channels Side by Side (SR 37 & Pleasant, Noblesville, IN

15. 15 Update controller to ASC3 Add additional detector cards for counting capabilities Add ethernet communication to all cabinets Install advance detectors in intersections Identifying New Field Equipment

16. 16 Road closure will be coordinated with local officials The following INDOT documents will be used for guidelines: –E805-SGDH-01 –E805-SGDH-02 –E805-SGDH-03 –E805-SGLI-01 –E805-SGLI-02 –E805-SGLI-03 –E805-SGLI-04 –E805-SGLI-05 –E805-SGLT-01 Advanced loops will be installed for the coordinated arterial Internet connectivity will be made available through a secure VPN Field Installation Process

17. 17 2 Week Long Lead/Lag study –Error Percentage for each day and each Lane will be characterized by Max Min Mean Velocity Estimation study –2 Week long reasonability study –100 vehicle ground truth study –Error Reported Max Min Mean Standard Deviation Data Collection Management

18. 18 Outline  Corridor Overview  Identifying and Installing New Equipment  Management of Data Collection  Performance Measure Reports (Chris)  Report Interpretation  Schedule  Cost  Risk  Conclusions

19. 19 Proposed performance monitoring recommendations: Use ASC/3 controllers, which have data logging capability Install advance detectors on all northbound/southbound lanes, and potentially eastbound/westbound at State St. if east-west coordination is a concern Install stop bar detectors on all protected crossing movements that have their own phase Contractor will process collected data offline and return reports to the managing authority for decisions on maintenance Performance Measures

20. 20 Performance Measures Vehicle Counts: Measure traffic volumes Volume-to-Capacity Ratio: Determine utilization of provided green time and identify when split failures take place Arrival Type: Determine quality of progression along the coordinated arterial (SR 43 and potentially SR 26) Intersection Saturation: Identify where timing plans can be improved by split adjustment or when more drastic action is needed Performance Measures

21. 21 Monitored system at SR 37, Noblesville, IN Example Installation SR 37 & SR 32 SR 37 & Pleasant St.

22. 22 Eight-phase 24-hour plots of performance measures for intersection of SR 37 and 32 in Noblesville, IN Example of Performance Measures

23. 23 Vehicle Counts Time of Day Counts 60 0 30 0:00 24:0012:00 0:00 24:0012:00 0:00 24:0012:00 0:00 24:0012:00 60 0 30 P1 SL P2 N P3 WL P4 E P6 S P5 NL P7 EL P8 W 11 22 33 44 66 55 77 88

24. 24 Equivalent Hourly Flow Rate 11 22 33 44 66 55 77 88 Time of Day Volume (veh/h/ln) 1500 0 750 0:00 24:0012:00 0:00 24:0012:00 0:00 24:0012:00 0:00 24:0012:00 1500 0 750 P1 SL P2 N P3 WL P4 E P6 S P5 NL P7 EL P8 W

25. 25 Green Time 11 22 33 44 66 55 77 88 Time of Day Green Time (veh/h/ln) 90 0 45 0:00 24:0012:00 0:00 24:0012:00 0:00 24:0012:00 0:00 24:0012:00 90 0 45 P1 SL P2 N P3 WL P4 E P6 S P5 NL P7 EL P8 W

26. 26 Volume-to-Capacity Ratio 11 22 33 44 66 55 77 88 Time of Day Volume (veh/h/ln) 1 0 0.5 0:00 24:0012:00 0:00 24:0012:00 0:00 24:0012:00 0:00 24:0012:00 1 0 0.5 P1 SL P2 N P3 WL P4 E P6 S P5 NL P7 EL P8 W

27. 27 Determined by value Volume-to-Capacity Ratio Higher v/c ratio  more likely to be split failure Choose cutoff value of 1.0 Definition of split failure: Split Failures V/C = 0.55 V/C = 1.25 Short queue that will be served by the available green time for this phase Split failure: Not enough green time to clear all vehicles waiting in queue

28. 28 Number of Split Failures 11 22 33 44 66 55 77 88 Time of Day Number of Split Failures per 30 mins 6 0 3 0:00 24:0012:00 0:00 24:0012:00 0:00 24:0012:00 0:00 24:0012:00 6 0 3 P1 SL P2 N P3 WL P4 E P6 S P5 NL P7 EL P8 W

29. March 13, 2008 29 The degree to which the capacity of the entire intersection is being utilized. Intersection Saturation

30. 30 Intersection Saturation Simplifed equation for Dual-Ring, Eight-Phase Intersection: v 5 +v 6 v 1 +v 2 v 3 +v 4 v 7 +v 8

31. March 13, 2008 31 24-Hour Plot of Intersection Saturation Showing Critical Path Plenty of extra capacity Not so much

32. 32 X C in combination with # of split failures X C > 0.85, split failures unlikely to be remedied by split adjustments X C < 0.85, split failures more likely to be remedied by split adjustments 1500--1900 time period Suppose we have a problem with split failures during the PM peak hour (1500—1900) that we would like to address by split adjustments Conclusion: Seems like split adjustments might help most phases… Phase 2 is probably doing about as good as it can without taking needed green time from elsewhere

33. 33 Arrival Type: Explanation

34. 34 Arrival Type 11 22 33 44 66 55 77 88 Southbound Phase 6Northbound Phase 2

35. time Cycle begins 0 sec 12:00:00 Cycle endsGreen phase endsGreen phase begins 120 sec 12:02:00 90 sec50 sec 70 sec 12:01:10 35 Visualization of Vehicle Arrivals 120 90 50 70 time of day Time in cycle 0 12:00:00 12:02:0012:01:10 Green Red Cycle boundary Green window

36. 36 Visualization of Vehicle Arrivals Phase 2, 32 & 37

37. 37 Visualization of Vehicle Arrivals Phase 6, 32 & 37

38. 38 Aggregation Phase 6, 32 & 37 1500—1900 PM peak hour

39. 39 Aggregation Vehicle arrival distribution Start of green End of green Green window distribution

40. 40 Aggregation Phase 6, PM Peak

41. 41 Aggregation Phase 2, PM Peak

42. 42 Interpretation Good progression, AT = 5 or 6 Random arrivals, AT = 3 or 4 Poor progression, AT = 1 or 2

43. 43 In addition to 24 hour plots, summary statistics will be provided in graphical format and printouts Following slides show examples Reporting

44. Example Graphical Summary Report 3/6/2016 44 SR 37, 0600-0900 NB & SB Avg. Arrival Type SR 37, 0600-0900 No. of Split Failures by Phase (3 of 6 intersections shown) 3.7 5.2 4.1 4.8 5.5 4.9 2.1 3.2 4.2 4.4 3.6 40 1 0 1 0 2 0 148 9 3 22 3 11 5 40 1 0 2 0

45. Example Printout 3/6/2016 45 SR 43 CORRIDOR DATA PAGE 3 OF 27 02/14/2009 INTERSECTION ID #1 NAME: SR 43 AND TAPAWINGO AVERAGE VOLUME PER CYCLE (VEH/H) PHASE TOD PATTERN 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 0000 0 57 230 37 120 47 160 22 98 0600 1 31 305 214 305 92 1252 31 183 1000 2 62 652 124 403 341 714 31 372 1600 3 31 1394 186 434 186 651 31 419 2000 0 33 414 72 212 98 340 12 105 NUMBER OF SPLIT FAILURES (CUTOFF VALUE V/C = 1.00) PHASE TOD PATTERN 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 0000 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0600 1 0 0 3 1 2 1 0 0 1000 2 0 0 1 2 11 0 0 0 1600 3 0 4 1 3 5 0 0 3 2000 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 etc...

46. Finding Problems: Identifying the Ten Worst Arrival Types in Corridor 3/6/2016 46 Int. #1 Phase 2 (Northbound) 17:00 Friday

47. 47 Report will suggest times of day when splits adjustments might improve quality of service Interpretation of Performance Measures: Making Recommendations on Timing Plan Changes Report on Timing Plan Quality of Service Problems TODPhaseSF Fix/Nofix 6:0010/0 6:0020/0 6:0033/1 6:0044/2 6:00511/4 6:0060/1 6:0073/2 6:0080/0 9:0010/0 9:0020/0 9:0032/1 9:0043/2 ………

48. 48 Outline  Corridor Overview  Identifying and Installing New Equipment  Management of Data Collection  Performance Measure Reports  Report Interpretation  Schedule (Ron)  Cost  Risk  Conclusions

49. 49 Project timeline from November 2008 to March 2010 Data collection from March 2009 to February 2010 Mid-study meeting early June 2009 –Should any changes be made to the study process? Schedule

50. 50 Capital Cost –Loop upgrades:$425/loop for 24 loops –Cabinet Upgrades:$2500/cabinet for 6 cabinets –Data collection/processing server:$800 –Internet installation:$1500 Operating Cost –Internet connectivity:$150/month for 12 months Labor Cost –Engineering design: $150/hr for 600 hours Labor Cost for Data Reduction/ Processing/Reporting –Engineering hours: $150/hr for 900 hours –Technician hours: $45/hr for 400 hours Project Cost : $272,300 Costs

51. 51 Minimizing potential problems with installation –Actively perform equipment testing and data quality control during the installation process so that the installers are available if problems become quickly apparent –Have final equipment test before installers paid in full –Start the loop detector installation as soon as possible to try to avoid severe weather (Jan is normally the coldest month of the year in Indiana) Minimizing contractor risk –Make sure we have at least two people who have the knowledge to do the reports Have a mid-study meeting four months into data collection –Evaluate conditions with Purdue in spring and summer semesters –Make any changes deemed necessary for the remaining eight months Risk Management

52. 52 Thank You! Questions/Discussion?