1. The student will be able to: explain Arrehenius acid/base theory. identify Arrehenius acids/ bases. explain Bronsted-Lowery acid/base theory identify in a reaction the Bronsted-Lowery acid/base and conjugate acid/base compare/contrast Arrehenius / Bronsted- Lowery acid/base theories Ws 19.4

2. 2 acid / base theories Arrhenius acids & bases Arrhenius acid = a chemical that increases H+ ions. Arrhenius base = a chemical that increases OH- ions “limited because must be in water….not everything in water.. Bronsted-Lowery acids & bases Bronsted-Lowery acid = a chemical that is proton donor (H+) Bronsted-Lowery base = a chemical that is proton acceptor (H+) “ notice no mention of OH”

3. Conjugate acid/ base the species that forms in result of gaining or losing a proton (H+) acidbase Arrhenius H+ donor OH- producer Bronsted-Lowery H+ donor H+ acceptor

4. Ws 19.4 Bronsted-Lowery Acids/Bases = conjugate acid/conjugate base According to Bronsted-Lowery theory… An acid is a proton donor (H+). … A base is a proton acceptor. Label the following reactions according to the Bronsted-Lowery theory 1. H 2 SO 4 + H 2 O↔H 3 O+ + HSO 4 - 2. H 2 SO 4 + OH - ↔HSO 4 - + H 2 O

5. 3. HClO 4 + H 2 O↔H 3 O+ + ClO 4 - 4. H 2 O + H 2 O↔H 3 O + + OH - 5. NH 3 + H 2 O↔NH 4 + + OH -

6. 7. H 2 O + H 3 PO 4 ↔H 2 PO 4 - + H 3 O + 8. HBr + H 2 O↔Br - + H 3 O + 9. HCO 3 - + H 2 O↔CO 3 - + H 3 O +

7. 10. NH 3 + H 2 CO 3 ↔NH 4 + + HCO 3 - Note: Generally strong acids/bases are considered not to have a conjugate because they ionize 100%. Their arrow goes in one direction and is not generally reversible. However for this exercise in practicing to identify conjugates, I included some strong acids/bases. Write Conjugate base: H 2 SO 4 NH 4 H 2 S HPO 4 2- Write Conjugate Acid NH 3 H 2 O OH - Cl - NO 3 -

8. The student will be able to: explain Arrehenius acid/base theory. identify Arrehenius acids/ bases. explain Bronsted-Lowery acid/base theory identify in a reaction the Bronsted-Lowery acid/base and conjugate acid/base compare/contrast Arrehenius / Bronsted- Lowery acid/base theories Ws 19.4