1. The Chemistry of Acids and Bases

2. Acids and Bases: Theories At the conclusion of our time together, you should be able to: 1. Explain the 3 different theories for an acid, Arrhenius, Bronsted-Lowry, Lewis 2. Explain the 3 different theories for a base, Arrhenius, Bronsted-Lowry, Lewis 3. Identify conjugate acids and bases

3. Oh, that smarts!!

4. Acid/Base Theories  Theory #1: Arrhenius (traditional) Acids – produce H + ions (or hydronium ions H 3 O + ) Bases – produce OH - ions (problem: some bases don’t have hydroxide ions!)

5. Arrhenius acid is a substance that produces H + (H 3 O + ) in water. Notice the H on the left. Arrhenius base is a substance that produces OH - in water, but notice there is no OH - on the left!!

6. Acid

7. Base

8. Acid/Base Theories  Theory #1: Arrhenius (traditional) Try #1 on your handout. a. A b. B c. B d. A e. S

9. Pinned!!!

10. Acid/Base Theories  Theory #2: Brønsted – Lowry Acids – proton donor Bases – proton acceptor A “proton” is really just a hydrogen atom that has lost its electron!

11. A Brønsted-Lowry acid is a proton donor A Brønsted-Lowry base is a proton acceptor acid conjugate base base conjugate acid

12. Acid-Base Theories The Brønsted definition means NH 3 is a BASE in water — and water is itself an ACID

13. Conjugate Pairs

14. Learning Check! Label the acid, base, conjugate acid, and conjugate base in each reaction: HCl + OH -  Cl - + H 2 O H 2 O + H 2 SO 4  HSO 4 - + H 3 O +

15. Acid/Base Theories  Theory #2: Brønsted – Lowry  Try #2 - #4 2a. F - 2b. H 2 O 2c. HSO 3 - 3a. H 2 PO 4 - 3b. HNO 3 3c. NH 4 +

16. WorkSheet #4 Label the acid, base, conjugate acid, and conjugate base in each reaction: CO 3 -2 + H 3 O +  HCO 3 - + H 2 O H 2 O + NH 2 -  NH 3 + OH -

17. Kid’s Letters to God:

18. Acids & Base Theories Lewis acid - a substance that accepts an electron pair Lewis base - a substance that donates an electron pair Theory #3 – Lewis

19. Lewis Acids & Bases Formation of hydronium ion is an excellent example of the Lewis definition. Electron pair of the new O-H bond originates on the Lewis base.Electron pair of the new O-H bond originates on the Lewis base.

20. Lewis Acid/Base Reaction

21. #5ab Lewis Acid or Bases 5a. Lewis acid5a. Lewis acid 5b. Lewis base5b. Lewis base Do the Lewis Structures of Both!!

22. Acids and Bases: Theories Let’s see if you can: 1. Explain the 3 different theories for an acid, Arrhenius, Bronsted-Lowry, Lewis 2. Explain the 3 different theories for a base, Arrhenius, Bronsted-Lowry, Lewis 3. Identify conjugate acids and bases

23. Pass the Clicker!!!

24. Which of the following definitions of an acid includes conjugate acids? 1. Arrhenius 2. Bronsted-Lowry 3. Lewis 4. Kenzig 5. Woods 6. Toburen 7. Sabol 8. Sanson 1234567891011121314151617181920 21222324252627282930

25. Which of the following definitions of an acid defines an acid as a proton donor? 1. Arrhenius 2. Bronsted-Lowry 3. Lewis 4. Kenzig 5. Woods 6. Toburen 7. Sabol 8. Sanson 1234567891011121314151617181920 21222324252627282930

26. Which of the following definitions of an acid defines an acid as accepting an electron pair? 1. Arrhenius 2. Bronsted-Lowry 3. Lewis 4. Kenzig 5. Woods 6. Toburen 7. Sabol 8. Sanson 1234567891011121314151617181920 21222324252627282930

27. Oh my goodness!!!

28. Which of the following definitions of an acid defines an acid as producing hydrogen ions? 1. Arrhenius 2. Bronsted-Lowry 3. Lewis 4. Kenzig 5. Woods 6. Toburen 7. Sabol 8. Sanson 1234567891011121314151617181920 21222324252627282930

29. Identify the conjugate base in the following equation. 1. NH 3 2. H 2 O 3. NH 4 + 4. OH- 1234567891011121314151617181920 21222324252627282930

30. Red-Neck Innovations:

31. According to Arrehnius theory,Cu(OH) 2 is a(n): 1234567891011121314151617181920 212223242526272829303132 1. Acid 2. Base 3. Salt

32. According to Arrehnius theory,Na 2 SO 4 is a(n): 1234567891011121314151617181920 212223242526272829303132 1. Acid 2. Base 3. Salt

33. Using the Bronsted Lowry theory, the conjugate base of H 2 SO 4 would be: 1234567891011121314151617181920 212223242526272829303132 1. HSO 4 + 2. H 3 SO 4 - 3. HSO 4 - 4. H 3 SO 4 +

34. H 2 O + CO 3 2-  OH - + HCO 3 According to Bronsted Lowry theory, in the above reaction, H 2 O is a(n) 1234567891011121314151617181920 212223242526272829303132 1. Acid 2. Base 3. Conjugate acid 4. Conjugate base

35. According to Lewis theory,PCl 3 is a(n) 1234567891011121314151617181920 212223242526272829303132 1. Acid 2. Base 3. Salt 4. Conjugate Acid 5. Conjugate Base

36. During a titration, the indicator goes in the 1234567891011121314151617181920 212223242526272829303132 1. Erlenmyer flask 2. Beaker 3. Buret

37. During a titration, the substance of unknown concentration goes in the 1234567891011121314151617181920 212223242526272829303132 1. Erlenmyer flask 2. Beaker 3. Buret

38. HNO is called 1234567891011121314151617181920 212223242526272829303132 1. Hydronitric acid 2. Nitric acid 3. Nitrous acid 4. Hyponitrous acid 5. Pernitric acid

39. The pOH of a 0.0030M solution of H 2 SO 4 is: 1234567891011121314151617181920 212223242526272829303132 1. 2.52 2. 11.48 3. 2.22 4. 11.78 5. 0.99 6. 13.01