1. Vocabulary FUN

2. delta 1.The Nile __________ is an area of land that builds up where the river empties into the Mediterranean Sea. 2. On the rare occasions when rain falls in the desert, it fills the ________, or dry streambeds. 3. The Sahara Desert’s vast stretches of sand are called _________. wadisergssilt wadis delta ergs

3. Let’s define: Delta – an area where sand, silt, or gravel is dropped at the mouth of a river Wadi – dry streambed Ergs – large area of sand

4. Nomads 4. ____________ travel from place to place, grazing their herds at oases. 5. The main belief of _______________ religions is belief in one god. 6. Historians know much about ancient Egypt because of the ancient system of picture writing called _______________ hieroglyphicsPharaohs monotheistic hieroglyphics Nomads monotheistic

5. Let’s define: Nomads – person who lives by moving from place to place Monotheistic – belief in one god Hieroglyphics – system of writing with pictures

6. caliph 7. The substance called _________ is valued for its pleasant aroma. 8. The Muslim empire was ruled by the _________, a figure of political and religious authority. 9. Kings known as _____________ came to power in Egypt in about 3000 BC. Pharaohsmyrrhmargins Pharaohs caliph myrrh

7. Let’s define: Myrrh – sweet perfume Caliph –a figure of political and religious authority, the successor to Muhammad Pharaohs – name of a powerful ruler in ancient Egypt

8. fundamentalists 10. The ____________, or style of government, of Libya's dictator Muammar Qaddafi was harsh. 11. An increase in the number of Islamic _________________, who believe Sharia law should be the law of the land, has lead to increased political unrest. 12. Outside the Nile valley, most of the need for water in the region is met with water that comes from oases and ___________, underground layers of rock in which water collects. regimefellaheen aquifers regime fundamentalists aquifers

9. Let’s define: Regime – a government (usually associated with dictator) Fundamentalists – a person who believes in the strict interpretation of religious laws Aquifers – underground layer of rock through which water flows

10. couscous 13. An important feature of North African cities is the ________, or open-air market, where businesspeople set up stalls to sell food, craft products, and other goods. 14. The base of many Moroccan meals is _____________, small nuggets of semolina wheat that are cooked by steaming them. 15. During Roman times, many North Africans decided to ___________, or change, from one religion to another. phosphateconvertsouk couscous convert

11. Let’s define: Souk – large open-air market Couscous – small round grain used in cooking Convert – to change from one thing to another