1. Traditional approach Reproduced teacher and teaching Teacher is the centre of education Partially competent teacher Standard teaching style Teaching is to transfer knowledge Teaching is a disciplinary, delivering, training, and socialising process Achieving standards in examinations Teaching is a transfer and application process

2. OBE New approach Individual teacher and teaching Teacher is the facilitator to support students’ learning Multiple intelligence teacher Individualised teaching style Teaching is to arouse curiosity Teaching is a process to initiate, facilitate, and sustain students’ self-learning and self-actualisation Sharing joy with students Teaching is a life-long learning process

3. Traditional approach School-bounded teacher and teaching Teacher as the sole source of teaching and knowledge Separated teaching Site-bounded teaching Limited opportunities for teaching Teacher with only school experiences

4. OBE New approach Localised and globalised teacher and teaching Multiple local and global sources of teaching and knowledge Networked teaching World-class teaching Unlimited opportunities for teaching Teacher with local and international outlook As a world class and networked