1. © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. 9 Intellectual Development of the Infant

2. © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Objective Describe how and what infants learn.

3. © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. How Infants Learn Intellectual development also called mental and cognitive development Stimuli

4. © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Brain Development Supports Learning Motor center – development is a multi-year process – continued

5. © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Brain Development Supports Learning Vision center – approximately three months window of opportunity is brief – continued

6. © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Brain Development Supports Learning Binocular vision is necessary for continued Binocular Vision:

7. © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Brain Development Supports Learning Thinking and memory centers – continued

8. © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Brain Development Supports Learning – research suggests activity begins at – wiring continues for about –

9. © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Perception Perception involves Perception – how things are alike and different in size, color, shape, texture – Perceptual learning continued

10. © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Perception Changes in preferences

11. © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Cognition Theoretical foundation –

12. © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Piaget’s Sensorimotor Stage Infants explore with Sensorimotor stage begins at Sensorimotor stage – Sensorimotor Stage: continued

13. © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Piaget’s Sensorimotor Stage Cont. work through in 1 st year substages 1 and 2 involve substages 3 and 4 involve Basis for continued

14. © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Piaget’s Sensorimotor Stage Substage 1 ( Reflexes Substage 2 ( Reactions Substage 3 ( Reactions Substage 4 ( Reactions continued

15. © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Piaget’s Sensorimotor Stage Substage 1 – Substage 2 – continued

16. © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Piaget’s Sensorimotor Stage Substage 3 – Imitating: continued

17. © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Piaget’s Sensorimotor Stage Substage 4 – example: – example: – example:

18. © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Vygotsky’s Basic Theory Child’s culture and his or her social environment determine Children learn by Scaffolding – continued

19. © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Vygotsky’s Basic Theory Adults should continued

20. © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Vygotsky’s Basic Theory Adults must work in a child’s – shows respect for what the child is learning and for child’s interests following the child’s lead Adults must find the child’s –

21. © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. What Would You Do? If you were advising a child care provider on infant development, how would you suggest scaffolding a nine-month-old child’s learning?  Give two specific examples.

22. © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. What Infants Learn A concept is:concept continued

23. © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. What Infants Learn Concepts change from – Concepts are During the first year, continued

24. © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Perceptual Concepts Object constancy is: Object constancy – begins during – not fully developed until continued

25. © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Perceptual Concepts Object concept is: Object concept continued

26. © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Perceptual Concepts Object concept has two parts – object identity is: object identity – object permanence is: object permanence begins to develop as early as continued

27. © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Perceptual Concepts Depth perception is: Depth perception Requires the development of Needed for Rather well developed by

28. © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Objective Explain how infants express what they know through language.

29. © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Language: Brain Development Research Language is closely related to Brain development research shows language wiring begins – continued

30. © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Language: Brain Development Research Sequence of brain development continued

31. © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Language: Brain Development Research Vocabulary: Vocabulary – infants speaking vocabularies Relationship between language and growth –

32. © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Objective Identify the order in which infants learn.

33. © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. How Babies Communicate

34. © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Crying and Cooing Newborns do not have control over During first month, babies communicate by Between the, most babies begin to coocoo –

35. © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Babbling Babies babble by:babble continued

36. © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Babbling Important Practice all sounds of the world’s languages – Babies babbling is not monotone (at a single pitch), but with inflectionsmonotoneinflections –

37. © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Babbling Monotone – Sounds all in a single pitch Inflections – Changes of pitch

38. © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. First Words Babies can begin to talk Same sounds must be used each time to refer to: Specific person Object Place Event – For it to be classified as a word continued

39. © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. First Words Before talking, babies must – continued

40. © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. First Words First words often come from Reduplication babbling is: Reduplication babbling

41. © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Passive Versus Active Vocabulary Passive vocabulary: Passive vocabulary Active vocabulary: Active vocabulary Babies’ passive vocabulary their active vocabulary

42. © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Baby Signing Baby Signs is – 100 plus gestures come from American Sign Language (or ASL, the sign language for people who are deaf) some baby-friendly modifications of ASL gestures Parents should begin signing when the baby is –

43. © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Did You Know? ASL is a complete language. You communicate using hand shapes, direction and motion of the hands, and facial expressions. ASL has its own grammar, word order, and sentence structure. You can share feelings, jokes, and complete ideas using ASL.

44. © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. active vocabulary. Words a person uses in talking or writing. babble. Making a series of vowel sounds with consonant sounds slowly added to form syllables. binocular vision. Type of vision that involves fusing an image so it appears as one image using both eyes. cognition. Act or process of knowing or understanding. Glossary of Key Terms

45. © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. concept. Idea formed by combining what is known about a person, object, place, quality, or event. coo. Light, happy sound babies begin to use to communicate between six and eight weeks after birth. depth perception. Ability to tell how far away something is. imitating. Copying the actions of someone else. inflections. Changes of pitch. Glossary of Key Terms

46. © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. intellectual development. How people learn, what they learn, and how they express what they know through language. monotone. Sounds all in a single pitch. object concept. Ability to understand that an object, person, or event is separate from one’s interaction with it. Glossary of Key Terms

47. © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. object constancy. Ability to understand that objects remain the same even if they appear different. object identity. Ability to understand that an object stays the same from one time to the next. object permanence. Ability to understand that people, objects, and places still exist even when they are no longer seen, felt, or heard. Glossary of Key Terms

48. © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. passive vocabulary. Words a person understands, but does not say or write. perception. Organizing information that comes through the senses. perceptual learning. Term used to describe the process of developing mental images. reduplication babbling. Repeating the same syllable over and over again. Glossary of Key Terms

49. © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. sensorimotor stage. First of Piaget’s stages of cognitive (intellectual) development in which children use their senses and motor skills to learn and communicate with others. stimuli. Changes in the environment, such as sound or light, that affect the sensory organs causing the person to react. vocabulary. Words a person understands and uses. Glossary of Key Terms